MfE Data Service :: tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2008-10:feed:data:mapstream=84379:sort=rMinistry for the Environmenthttps://data.mfe.govt.nz//PM10 concentrations, 2006–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984142018-10-15T21:53:42.460197+00:002018-10-15T21:48:27.391893+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98414-pm10-concentrations-200617/" title="Details for PM10 concentrations, 2006–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98414/307507/small.png" alt="PM10 concentrations, 2006–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM10 particles have a diameter less than 10 micrometres. Coarse particles (2.5–10 micrometres) can be inhaled – they generally deposit in the upper airways; fine particles (smaller than 2.5 micrometres) can deposit deep in the lungs where air-gas exchange occurs. Children, the elderly, and people with existing heart or lung issues have a higher risk of health problems from exposure to PM10. These problems include decreased lung function, heart attack, and mortality.<br>
Human-generated PM10 sources include burning wood and coal for home heating, and traffic emissions (eg combustion, tyre and brake wear, and pavement breakdown). Natural sources include sea salt, dust, pollen, and mould spores.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Ground-level ozone concentrations, Auckland, 2001–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984232018-10-16T21:41:06.021645+00:002019-11-20T02:35:13.964808+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98423-ground-level-ozone-concentrations-auckland-200116/" title="Details for Ground-level ozone concentrations, Auckland, 2001–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98423/326957/small.png" alt="Ground-level ozone concentrations, Auckland, 2001–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 20 Nov 2019</strong><br />
<p>Ground-level (tropospheric) ozone (O3) exists at a natural background level but is also produced when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds from vehicle emissions, petrol fumes, industrial processes solvents, and other human-made sources react in the presence of sunlight. It is the primary component of photochemical smog.<br>
Ozone also occurs naturally in the stratosphere, where it protects us from ultraviolet radiation – this ozone occasionally can mix downwards to ground level.<br>
Because sunlight and warmth are required for the chemical reactions that form ground-level ozone, peak concentrations often occur in summer when daylight hours are longer and temperatures are higher. Since the precursors for ozone can travel downwind from their sources before they react with sunlight, ozone concentrations can be high many kilometres from the precursor emissions’ sources.<br>
Exposure to high concentrations of ozone can cause respiratory health problems and is linked to cardiovascular health problems and mortality. It can also damage vegetation.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 20 Nov 2019<br />
Heavy metal concentrations, 2002–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984162018-10-15T21:53:48.836500+00:002018-10-15T21:49:20.832159+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98416-heavy-metal-concentrations-200217/" title="Details for Heavy metal concentrations, 2002–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98416/307509/small.png" alt="Heavy metal concentrations, 2002–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Inhaling particulate matter (PM) containing heavy metals can cause serious health effects (World Health Organization (WHO), 2013). Airborne arsenic is linked to lung cancers (WHO, 2013), and heart, liver, kidney, and nerve damage (Caussy, 2003). Nickel and vanadium are linked to lung and nasal sinus cancers. Lead can impair cognitive function in children and affect an adult’s cardiovascular system, even at low blood levels (WHO, 2013).<br>
Heavy metals are also toxic to other organisms, and can bioaccumulate in animals, especially in aquatic ecosystems (Rahman, Hasegawa, & Lim, 2012). We don’t know how much airborne heavy metal is deposited in New Zealand.<br>
We report on the concentrations of arsenic, lead, and vanadium in PM10 (PM 10 micrometres or less in diameter) from 2007-16 at Henderson – Auckland which were measured using a method directly comparable to relevant guidelines. We also report on arsenic, nickel, lead, and vanadium concentrations at 5 Auckland sites from 2005–16 that were measured using a method which cannot be directly compared to relevant guidelines but provides information on concentrations.<br>
Arsenic is emitted when burning wood treated with copper chromium arsenic preservative (eg building project offcuts). A 2012 Auckland study showed that 17 percent of households may burn such wood (Stones-Havas, 2014).<br>
Lead is emitted from burning wood coated with lead-based paint, by removing lead-based paint from buildings without proper safety precautions, and from industrial discharges (eg at metal smelters). In New Zealand, airborne nickel and vanadium concentrations are highest near ports and are associated with combustion exhaust from ships (Davy & Trompetter, 2018). Monitoring for lead has been limited since the fall in ambient lead concentrations after New Zealand’s petrol became lead free in 1996.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>site:</strong> location of detection site</p>
<p><strong>year:</strong> year of the sample taken</p>
<p><strong>council:</strong> regional council for location of detection site</p>
<p><strong>date:</strong> date of the sample taken, year-month-day, yyyy-mm-dd</p>
<p><strong>pm_value:</strong> particulate matter concentration, micrograms per metre cubed</p>
<p><strong>particle_size:</strong> fine (PM2.5), coarse (PM10)</p>
<p><strong>units_conc:</strong> units for the concentration measured, micrograms per metre-cubed</p>
<p><strong>bc_conc, v_conc, cr_conc, mn_conc, ni_conc, cu_conc, zn_conc, as_conc, ba_conc, pb_conc, ge_conc:</strong> concentration of measured metal by their element in a specified volume (see units_conc)</p>
<p><strong>units_errors:</strong> units of the errors for each measured metal, %fit error, and micrograms per metre-cubed</p>
<p><strong>pm_uncert, bc_errors, v_errors, cr_errors, mn_errors, ni_errors, cu_errors, zn_errors, as_errors, ba_errors, pb_errors:</strong>statistical error bands around the measured concentration value, calculated based on the limit of analytical detection (see units_errors)</p>
<p><strong>units_lod:</strong> units of the LOD (limits of detection) for each measured metal, micro grams per metre-cubed</p>
<p><strong>bc_lod, v_lod, cr_lod, mn_lod, ni_lod, cu_lod, zn_lod, as_lod, ba_lod, pb_lod, se_lod, ga_lod:</strong> LOD (limits of detection) for each measured metal sample, with the value dependent on: 1. The method of detection, 2. Filter composition, 3. Sample, 4. The detector resolution, 5. The spectral interference from other elements. This value is produced by the Gulpix software that is used for analysis. Concentrations below the respective LOD are highly uncertain (see units_lod)</p>
<p><strong>method:</strong> method used for analysis – XRF, IBA</p>
<p><strong>complete_for_trend:</strong> dataset considered complete/incomplete for quantitative analysis</p>
<p><strong>complete_for_mean:</strong> dataset considered complete/incomplete for quantitative analysis</p>
<p><strong>complete_year:</strong> dataset considered complete/incomplete for quantitative analysis</p>
<p>Technical report by GNS: <a href="https://environment.govt.nz/assets/Publications/Files/heavy-metals-black-carbon-and-natural-sources-report.pdf">CR_2017-238 (environment.govt.nz)</a></p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: council and unitary authority data, 2004–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984202018-10-16T21:35:57.335979+00:002018-10-16T21:33:30.130758+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98420-nitrogen-dioxide-concentrations-council-and-unitary-authority-data-200417/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: council and unitary authority data, 2004–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98420/307516/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: council and unitary authority data, 2004–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health, ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the collective term for NO2 and NO. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.<br>
Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems, particularly asthma. Nitrogen dioxide causes leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.<br>
We report on observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations from 13 regional council and unitary authority monitoring sites. Council and unitary authority data are measured using regulatory-compliant monitors that can be directly compared with health guidelines.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2008–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984212018-10-16T21:36:12.605278+00:002018-10-16T21:34:22.682580+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98421-sulphur-dioxide-concentrations-200817/" title="Details for Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2008–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98421/307517/small.png" alt="Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2008–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a highly reactive gas formed when fuels containing sulphur, such as coal or petrochemical products (including high-sulphur ship fuel), are burned. It is also produced from industrial processes such as superphosphate fertiliser production and smelting sulphur-containing metal ores. Geothermal and volcanic gases are the main natural sources of sulphur dioxide.<br>
When inhaled, sulphur dioxide is associated with respiratory problems such as bronchitis. It can aggravate the symptoms of asthma and chronic lung disease and cause irritation to eyes. On days with higher sulphur dioxide levels, hospital admissions for cardiac disease and mortality increase. In ecosystems, it can injure vegetation, acidify water and soil, and affect biodiversity.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Black carbon concentrations, 2002–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984172018-10-15T21:53:59.166659+00:002018-10-15T21:49:33.256609+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98417-black-carbon-concentrations-200217/" title="Details for Black carbon concentrations, 2002–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98417/307510/small.png" alt="Black carbon concentrations, 2002–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Black carbon is a particle, often in the PM2.5 or ultra-fine size range, which is emitted from combustion sources and is commonly known as soot. In New Zealand most black carbon is emitted from vehicles (especially diesel vehicles), burning wood and coal for home heating, and outdoor burning. Both long and short-term exposure to black carbon is linked to serious health effects, such as respiratory and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature death (World Health Organization (WHO), 2013).<br>
Black carbon warms the climate globally and regionally because it is efficient at absorbing energy from sunlight. Black carbon also increases ice and snow melt when deposited on these surfaces, darkening them and lowering albedo (proportion of light that is reflected) so they absorb more solar energy (Ramanathan & Carmichael, 2008).<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Carbon monoxide concentrations, 1996–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984152018-10-15T21:56:12.951256+00:002018-10-15T21:48:42.024142+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98415-carbon-monoxide-concentrations-199617/" title="Details for Carbon monoxide concentrations, 1996–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98415/307508/small.png" alt="Carbon monoxide concentrations, 1996–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas formed by the incomplete combustion of fuels, particularly from motor vehicles, from burning wood and coal, and using unflued gas heaters for home heating. It also occurs naturally; for example, from wild fires.<br>
Carbon monoxide can affect human health by interfering with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen and by aggravating heart conditions. It has a relatively long life in the atmosphere – about three months. This is due to the slow rate at which carbon monoxide oxidises, forming carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas). Carbon monoxide also has an important role in forming smog.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Total suspended particulate matter concentrations at Penrose, Auckland, 1965–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984222018-10-16T21:38:27.458866+00:002018-10-16T21:37:42.184806+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98422-total-suspended-particulate-matter-concentrations-at-penrose-auckland-196516/" title="Details for Total suspended particulate matter concentrations at Penrose, Auckland, 1965–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98422/307518/small.png" alt="Total suspended particulate matter concentrations at Penrose, Auckland, 1965–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) consists of solid and liquid airborne particles that are smaller than 100 micrometres in diameter. Although, by weight, it is dominated by the larger particles it does also include the PM10 and PM2.5 sub-fractions that are responsible for most health effects, such as respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. TSP can be emitted from earthworks, construction and roadworks, and the combustion of fuels such as wood and coal (eg, from home heating and industry), and petrol and diesel (from vehicles).<br>
Natural TSP sources include sea salt, dust, pollen, smoke (from bush fires), and volcanic ash.<br>
TSP consists of airborne particles up to 100 micrometres (μm) in diameter (PM100). TSP is small enough to be inhaled; however, larger particles (10–100μm) are filtered out in the nasal cavity and are often relatively harmless.<br>
TSP can be emitted from earthworks, construction, and roadworks, and from combustion of fuels, such as wood and coal (eg, home heating and industry), and petrol and diesel (from vehicles). Natural sources of TSP include sea salt, dust, pollen, smoke (from bush fires), and volcanic ash. TSP also forms from reactions in the atmosphere between gases or between gases and other particles.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Air pollutant emissionstag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984242018-10-16T21:40:52.823730+00:002018-10-16T21:40:06.886153+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98424-air-pollutant-emissions/" title="Details for Air pollutant emissions"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98424/307520/small.png" alt="Air pollutant emissions thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>An emissions inventory provides information on the amount of key air pollutants that are released into the atmosphere for a given location over a given time period. This enables us to identify sources of pollutants. By understanding the amounts that different sources contribute, air quality can be better managed and modelled.<br>
We evaluated emissions for five key pollutants for 2015, the most-recent year that data were readily available: particulate matter (PM) less than 10 micrometres in diameter (PM10), PM less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulphur dioxide (SO2), because they are the most important pollutants in New Zealand.<br>
The grouped sources include: energy-related activities, construction dust, road dust, industrial process emissions (non-combustion), agriculture (emissions from animal housing), vegetation fires (burning agricultural residue and biomass burning), and incinerating of hazardous waste.<br>
Only human-generated emissions were included in this emission inventory. No updated data for residential wood burning were available and was assumed to be the same as the 2013 national inventory.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Natural sources of particulate matter, 2000–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984252018-10-16T21:41:36.319720+00:002018-10-16T21:40:58.542502+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98425-natural-sources-of-particulate-matter-200016/" title="Details for Natural sources of particulate matter, 2000–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98425/307521/small.png" alt="Natural sources of particulate matter, 2000–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) is made up of solid and liquid particles in the air. It is grouped according to its size – PM10 is less than 10 micrometres (µm) in diameter; PM2.5 is less than 2.5 µm in diameter. Health effects from exposure to PM include lung and cardiac disease, and premature death.<br>
Natural sources of PM include sea salt, dust (airborne soil, also called crustal material), secondary sulphate, pollen, black carbon from wild fires, and volcanic ash. There is little evidence that sea salt particles themselves are harmful (World Health Organization (WHO), 2013) although whether sea salt that has interacted with urban air pollutants is harmful is not known. PM can also be produced by human activities, such as dust from construction or unsealed roads, but this is not considered natural because it comes from human activity.<br>
Natural sources of PM are important because although they cannot be managed they still contribute to ambient concentrations, which are subject to the National Environmental Standards for Air Quality (NESAQ). Exceedances of the NESAQ occur when the 24-hour average PM10 concentration exceeds 50 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3). There is no NESAQ for PM2.5 exposure, so we report on exceedances of the WHO 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration guideline (25 µg/m3).<br>
We report on data from nine sites from 2005–16 and report only on sea salt for natural PM because other sources of natural PM, such as dust and sulphate, can be generated by humans as well. We were not able to separate the natural from human-generated contributions. Analysis of particle size, composition, and sources in New Zealand shows that sea salt made the largest contribution to natural PM.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
PM2.5 concentrations, 2008–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984132018-10-15T21:53:37.743627+00:002018-10-15T21:48:16.350987+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98413-pm25-concentrations-200817/" title="Details for PM2.5 concentrations, 2008–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98413/307506/small.png" alt="PM2.5 concentrations, 2008–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>PM2.5 is made up of solid and liquid particles in the air with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres. In New Zealand, most PM2.5 in the air results from combustion (burning wood for home heating, motor-vehicle exhaust), and to a lesser extent, particles formed from reactions in the atmosphere (secondary PM) and naturally occurring sea salt.<br>
Short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5, even at low levels, is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of premature death, especially in vulnerable people (the young, the elderly, and people with respiratory illness). Emerging evidence points to possible links with cognitive function, neuro-development, and diabetes.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Benzene concentrations in Hamilton, 2003–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984122018-10-15T04:41:35.011045+00:002018-10-15T04:40:32.198536+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98412-benzene-concentrations-in-hamilton-200316/" title="Details for Benzene concentrations in Hamilton, 2003–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98412/307505/small.png" alt="Benzene concentrations in Hamilton, 2003–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Benzene is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is common in the air. Motor vehicles are benzene’s primary emission source (Guerreiro, Foltescu, & de Leeuw, 2014; Weisel, 2010) although burning wood or coal for home heating, volcanoes, and forest fires also emit benzene.<br>
Benzene is a human carcinogen (World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen, 2000) that has been shown to cause leukaemia (Smith, 2010), and is associated with developmental, immune, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory problems (Bahadar, Mostafalou, & Abdollahi, 2014). Acute exposure can affect the liver and respiration (Bahadar et al, 2014).<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: New Zealand Transport Agency data, 2010–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984262018-10-16T21:42:26.591319+00:002018-10-16T21:41:38.372480+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98426-nitrogen-dioxide-concentrations-new-zealand-transport-agency-data-201016/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: New Zealand Transport Agency data, 2010–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98426/307522/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: New Zealand Transport Agency data, 2010–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health, ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the collective term for NO2 and NO. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.<br>
Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems, particularly asthma. Nitrogen dioxide causes leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.<br>
We report on observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations from the New Zealand Transport Agency’s (NZTA) monitoring network. NZTA has comprehensive coverage across New Zealand.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Health impacts of PM10, 2006 & 2016tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984622018-10-17T20:57:47.835534+00:002018-10-17T20:56:16.325467+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98462-health-impacts-of-pm10-2006-2016/" title="Details for Health impacts of PM10, 2006 & 2016"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98462/307573/small.png" alt="Health impacts of PM10, 2006 & 2016 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 17 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 micrometres in diameter) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM10 can be inhaled and the largest particles in this size fraction are deposited in the upper airways, while the smaller ones can deposit deep in the lungs. Children, the elderly, and people with existing heart or lung problems have a higher risk of health effects from PM10 exposure. Health effects include decreased lung function or heart attack, and mortality.<br>
We report on the modelled number of premature deaths for adults (30+ years), hospitalisations, and restricted activity days for people of all ages for years 2006 and 2016 only. The model only includes impacts that result from exposure to PM10 that comes from human activities.<br>
We focus on PM10 from human activities because these sources can be managed, unlike PM from natural sources such as sea salt.<br>
• Premature deaths are those, often preventable, occurring before a person reaches the age they could be expected to live to.<br>
• Hospitalisations relate to those for respiratory and cardiac illnesses (not including cases leading to premature death).<br>
• Restricted activity days occur when symptoms are sufficient to limit usual activities such as work or study. These days aren’t shared evenly across the population – people with asthma or other respiratory conditions would likely have more restricted activity days.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />