MfE Data Service :: tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2008-10:feed:data:geotag=global/oceania/new-zealand/hawkes-bay/napier-city:sort=rMinistry for the Environmenthttps://data.mfe.govt.nz//Annual trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2024-02:layers:1159802024-02-19T01:33:44.256050+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115980-annual-trends-particulate-matter-10-pm10-particulate-matter-25-pm25-nitrogen-dioxide-no2-sulphur-dioxide-so2-carbon-monoxide-co-and-ground-level-ozone-2011-2020/" title="Details for Annual trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115980.398302,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Annual trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>For trends, sites needed to have at least six complete years between 2011 and 2020. For annual trends, a site could not have a gap in the time series longer tan four months.<br>
Annual trends between 2011 and 2020 for:<br>
- Particulate matter 10 (PM10) concentrations<br>
- Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations<br>
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations<br>
- Sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations<br>
- Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations<br>
- Ground-level ozone concentrations </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
pollutant: abbreviated pollutant name, chemical name, or chemical formula (e.g., PM10, Ozone, or CO)<br>
site: regional council or unitary authority unique name for site<br>
airshed: gazetted name of airshed<br>
lat: site latitude<br>
long: site longitude<br>
likelihood: trend direction (“improving, “worsening”, or “indeterminate” – for more information see Stats NZ indicator webpages).<br>
significant: TRUE if the trend is statistically significant, otherwise FALSE<br>
p: p-value to assess level of statistical significance<br>
slope: slope of the trend line (average units/year change)<br>
lower: lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the slope<br>
upper: upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the slope<br>
intercept: intercept of the trend line<br>
lower_intercept, upper_intercept: trend statistics<br>
slope_percent, lower_percent, upper_percent: trend statistics<br>
trend_type: type of trend (i.e., annual or seasonal)<br>
period_start: first year of the trend period<br>
period_end: last year of the trend period</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 19 Feb 2024<br />
Seasonal trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2024-02:layers:1159792024-02-19T01:31:52.389205+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115979-seasonal-trends-particulate-matter-10-pm10-particulate-matter-25-pm25-nitrogen-dioxide-no2-sulphur-dioxide-so2-carbon-monoxide-co-and-ground-level-ozone-2011-2020/" title="Details for Seasonal trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115979.398301,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Seasonal trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>For seasonal trends, sites needed to have at least six complete seasons between 2011 and 2020. New to this update: not all seasons had to be complete – the previous update only calculated trends over complete seasons.<br>
Seasonal trends between 2011 and 2020 for:<br>
- Particulate matter 10 (PM10) concentrations<br>
- Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations<br>
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations<br>
- Sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations<br>
- Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations<br>
- Ground-level ozone concentrations </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
pollutant: abbreviated pollutant name, chemical name, or chemical formula (e.g., PM10, Ozone, or CO)<br>
site: regional council or unitary authority unique name for site<br>
airshed: gazetted name of airshed<br>
lat: site latitude<br>
long: site longitude<br>
season: season of trend<br>
likelihood: trend direction (“improving, “worsening”, or “indeterminate” – for more information see Stats NZ indicator webpages).<br>
significant: TRUE if the trend is statistically significant, otherwise FALSE<br>
p: p-value to assess level of statistical significance<br>
slope: slope of the trend line (average units/year change)<br>
lower: lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the slope<br>
upper: upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the slope<br>
intercept: intercept of the trend line<br>
period_start: first year of the trend period<br>
period_end: last year of the trend period<br>
trend_type: type of trend (i.e., annual or seasonal)</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 19 Feb 2024<br />
Drought, state, 1972 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2024-02:layers:1159772024-02-19T01:25:43.489888+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115977-drought-state-1972-2022/" title="Details for Drought, state, 1972 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115977.398299,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Drought, state, 1972 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>We report on drought frequency, duration, severity, and intensity at three different time scales, short-term (3 months), medium-term (6 months) and long-term (12 months). These different time scales are approximately equivalent to meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought, respectively. We do this for 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand monitored by NIWA (National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research) from 1972 to 2022. To measure drought events, this dataset uses the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), which incorporates temperature and precipitation. </p>
<p>Drought frequency is the number of drought events across a specified period of time. Drought duration is the number of months in a drought event. Severity is a measure of how dry a drought event is, and intensity is a measure of drought severity scaled by its duration. Extreme dryness is indicated by SPEI values of less than -2. </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
id: Relates to drought_event, whether a drought event or non-drought event<br>
year: Year<br>
month: Month<br>
site: 30 NIWA Climate stations<br>
time_scale & drought_type: The drought the SPEI values represent given at 3, 6, and 12 months<br>
spei: SPEI is the balance of PET and P<br>
spei_class: Categorising SPEI values into what they may represent climate-wise<br>
imputed_value: Whether the value was imputed using linear interpolation<br>
drought_event: whether the sequence of SPEI values meet the threshold for a drought event<br>
duration: Duration of the drought event in months<br>
start_event: The start date of a drought event<br>
severity: Sum of the SPEI values per drough event that are below -1<br>
intensity: Sum of the SPEI values per drought event standardised against time (severity/duration)<br>
lat: Latitude<br>
lon: Longitude</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 19 Feb 2024<br />
Drought, trends, 1972 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2024-02:layers:1159762024-02-19T01:22:55.147294+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115976-drought-trends-1972-2022/" title="Details for Drought, trends, 1972 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115976.398298,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Drought, trends, 1972 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>To measure drought events, this dataset uses the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), which incorporates temperature and precipitation. We report on drought frequency, duration, severity, and intensity at three different time scales, short-term (3 months), medium-term (6 months) and long-term (12 months). These different time scales are approximately equivalent to meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought, respectively. We report the trends for 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand monitored by NIWA (National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research) from 1972 to 2022.</p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: Site the NIWA climate stations represent.<br>
time_scale: The number of months of drought<br>
drought_type: The drought the SPEI values represent given at 3, 6, and 12 months (meterological, agricultural and hydrological respectively.<br>
lat: Approx. lattitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
lon: Approx. longitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
trend_type: Duration is the number of months a drought event lasts.<br>
Average SPEI is the annual average SPEI value. Severity is the sum of SPEI values per drought event. Intensity is severity/duration. Peak month is the lowest SPEI value recorded per drought event. Frequency is the numbers of months between each drought event.<br>
p_value: Probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed.<br>
z: Z statistic after correcting for autocorrelated data<br>
method: The type of trend test undertaken. Note that for methane a linear model with a quadratic term is used. For the Mann Kendall test we used a modified Mann Kendall test for autocorrelated data modifiedmk::mmkh()<br>
n: Number of data points included in trend calculation.<br>
note: Linear model analysis notes<br>
s, var_s, tau: Mann-Kendall test statistics.<br>
alternative: Alternative hypothesis<br>
trend_likelihood: Likelihood of trend direction adapted from IPCC criteria.<br>
period_start, period_end: The period the trend represents.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 19 Feb 2024<br />
Daily temperature 30 sites, state, 1909 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153762023-12-07T09:20:12.799734+00:002023-12-07T04:20:27.195637+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115376-daily-temperature-30-sites-state-1909-2022/" title="Details for Daily temperature 30 sites, state, 1909 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115376.395075,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Daily temperature 30 sites, state, 1909 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>Temperature at 30 sites around the country from at least 1972 to 2022. We provide data on average, minimum, and maximum for daily temperatures. </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA monitoring site.<br>
date: Date (day-month-year)<br>
statistic: Statistic (Average, Max, Min).<br>
temperature: Temperature in degrees Celsius.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Growing Degree Days, trends, 1972 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153732023-12-07T04:08:45.657724+00:002023-12-07T04:06:24.412500+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115373-growing-degree-days-trends-1972-2022/" title="Details for Growing Degree Days, trends, 1972 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115373.395072,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Growing Degree Days, trends, 1972 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset shows the trends of annual growing degree days (GDD) for 30 sites across New Zealand from at least 1972 to 2019. GDD are the total number of degrees Celsius above a base threshold temperature for each day. We use a base threshold of 10 degrees Celsius to report on the annual GDD for each of these sites and trends.<br>
Growing degree days (GDD) indicate the amount of warmth available for plant and insect growth and can be used to predict when flowers will bloom, and crops and insects will mature. Increased GDD means that plants and insects reach maturity faster, provided that other conditions necessary for growth are favourable, such as sufficient moisture and nutrients.</p>
<p>VARIABLES:<br>
Variables: site: NIWA monitoring site<br>
Base_temperature: The base temperature to calculate the total GDD<br>
period_start: Start of the period for which the trend was assessed<br>
period_end: End of the period for which the trend was assessed<br>
p_value: P value<br>
slope, conf_low, conf_high: Rate of change per year and their lower and upper confidence intervals<br>
conf_level: confidence level (66% or 90% to match IPCC likelihood levels)<br>
z: Z score<br>
trend_method: Whether the information in this row correspond to the Sen slope or the Mann-Kendall test<br>
n: number of observations used to calculate the trend<br>
note: analysis note<br>
s, var_s, tau: Mann-Kendall trend statistics<br>
alternative: the alternative hypothesis used for the Mann-Kendall test<br>
trend_likelihood: Likelihood categories adapted from IPCC. Indicates the likelihood that a trend is increasing, decreasing, or indeterminate<br>
lat: Latitude<br>
lon: Longitude<br>
Pretty_site_name: Pretty site name<br>
Unit: unit<br>
Region_simple: Region of NIWA monitoring site<br>
Site_simple: Pretty site name without macrons</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Annual and seasonal temperatures at 30 sites, trends, 1972-2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1154112023-12-11T21:51:26.413970+00:002023-12-11T21:49:20.193334+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115411-annual-and-seasonal-temperatures-at-30-sites-trends-1972-2022/" title="Details for Annual and seasonal temperatures at 30 sites, trends, 1972-2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115411.395293,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Annual and seasonal temperatures at 30 sites, trends, 1972-2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>Temperature at 30 sites around the country from at least 1972 to 2022. We report annual and seasonal trends for the period 1972 to 2022 as well as rate of temperature change per decade. We provide data on average, minimum, and maximum for daily, annual, and seasonal temperatures. Trends are reported for annual and seasonal statistics. Temperature change can have a significant effect on agriculture, energy demand, ecosystems, and recreation.Climate change projections for New Zealand suggest the greatest warming will be in summer/autumn and the least in winter and spring (MfE, 2018). Variables: site: NIWA monitoring site statistic: Statistic: (mean of Average, Minimum or Maximum daily temperature) season: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, or Annual p_value: P value slope, conf_low, conf_high: Rate of change per year and their lower and upper confidence intervals conf_level: confidence level (66% or 90% to match IPCC likelihood levels) intercept, r_squared, sigma: Linear model statistics trend_method: Whether the information in this row correspond to the Linear model slope or the Mann-Kendall test n: number of observations used to calculate the trend note: analysis note s, var_s, tau: Mann-Kendall trend statistics z: Z score alternative: the alternative hypothesis used for the Mann-Kendall test trend_likelihood: Likelihood categories adapted from IPCC. Indicates the likelihood that a trend is increasing, decreasing, or indeterminate period_start: Start of the period for which the trend was assessed period_end: End of the period for which the trend was assessed lat :Latitude lon: Longitude Ministry for the Environment. (2018). Climate Change Projections for New Zealand: Atmosphere Projections Based on Simulations from the IPCC Fifth Assessment, 2nd Edition (Publication No. ME 1385). <a href="https://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climate-change/climate-change-projections-new-zealand">www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climate-change/climat...</a></p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 11 Dec 2023<br />
Frost days, trends,1972-2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153722023-12-07T04:00:14.161194+00:002023-12-07T03:58:35.534358+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115372-frost-days-trends1972-2022/" title="Details for Frost days, trends,1972-2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115372.395071,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Frost days, trends,1972-2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This indicator report trends in the number of frost days for 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1972 to 2022. The number of frost days changes from year to year in response to variable weather patterns, and their occurrence is also influenced by climate change. Climate models project we may experience fewer cold and more warm extremes in the future. Changes in the number and timing of frost days can affect agriculture, horticulture, and viticulture, for example, by damaging and destroying crops at sensitive growth stages.</p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: site the NIWA climate stations represent.<br>
period_start, period end: the period the trend represents.<br>
p_value: probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed.<br>
slope: Sen slope statistic to describe rate of change.<br>
conf Low, conf Highl: 90% confidence intervals of the slope statistic (low and high).<br>
conf_level: specified confidence level of the estimate.<br>
z: Z score.<br>
trend_method: Statistical method.<br>
n: number of data points included in trend calculation.<br>
note: note<br>
s, var_s, tau: Mann-Kendall test statistics.<br>
alternative: the alternative hypothesis used for the Mann-Kendall test<br>
trend likelihood: likelihood of trend direction adapted from IPCC criteria.<br>
lat: approx. lattitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
lon: approx. longitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
region: region of the site the NIWA climate stations represent.<br>
pretty_site_name: site the NIWA climate stations represent.<br>
region_simple: region of the site the NIWA climate stations represent.<br>
site_simple: site the NIWA climate stations represent.</p>
<p>References:<br>
Hutchinson, G. K., Richards, K., & Risk, W. H. (2000). Aspects of accumulated heat patterns (growing-degree days) and pasture growth in Southland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 62, 81–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2396">doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2396</a></p>
<p>Macara, G., Nichol, D., Liley, B., & Noll, B. (2023). Ministry for the Environment Atmosphere and Climate Report 2023: Updated Datasets supplied by NIWA (NIWA Client Report No. 2023072WN). <a href="https://environment.govt.nz/publications/atmosphere-and-climate-indicators-2023-updated-datasets">environment.govt.nz/publications/atmosphere-and-cl...</a></p>
<p>Macara, G., & Tait, A. (2015). Infilling of missing climate data: temperature, rainfall and wind (NIWA Client Report No. WLG2015-33). <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/document/21253-macara-g-tait-a-2015-infilling-of-missing-climate-data-for-the-2015-environmental-synthesis-report-temperature-rainfall-and-wind/">data.mfe.govt.nz/document/21253-macara-g-tait-a-20...</a></p>
<p>Mastrandrea, M. D., Field, C. B., Stocker, T. F., Edenhofer, O., Ebi, K. L., Frame, D. J., Held, H., Kriegler, E., Mach, K. J., Matschoss, P. R., Plattner, G.-K., Yohe, G. W., & Zwiers, F. W. (2010). Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/05/uncertainty-guidance-note.pdf">www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/05/uncertaint...</a></p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Annual and seasonal temperatures at 30 sites, state 1972 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1154102023-12-11T21:48:10.121679+00:002023-12-11T21:45:04.237904+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115410-annual-and-seasonal-temperatures-at-30-sites-state-1972-2022/" title="Details for Annual and seasonal temperatures at 30 sites, state 1972 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115410.395292,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Annual and seasonal temperatures at 30 sites, state 1972 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset reports the annual and seasonal temperatures at 30 sites around the country from at least 1972 to 2022. Data are also provided on anomalies for all 30 stations (difference from the 1991–2020 baseline period) and for 16 stations (difference from the 1961–1990 baseline period).</p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA monitoring site<br>
statistic: Statistic: maximum daily temperature (max), average daily temperature (average), and minimum daily temperature (min)<br>
season: period for which the data was aggregated - annual indicates the whole year was included in the calculation<br>
year: Year<br>
prop_missing: Proportion of days with missing data<br>
temperature: Mean daily temperature for a given year, season, and statistic (°C)<br>
period_start: Start of period for a season<br>
period_end: End of period for a season<br>
lat: coordinates of the NIWA station where the data was recorded (WSG84)<br>
lon: coordinates of the NIWA station where the data was recorded (WSG84)<br>
anomaly: mean temperature anomaly for a given year, season, and statistic (°C) over the reference_period<br>
reference_period: Anomaly reference period</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 11 Dec 2023<br />
Warm days, trends, 1972 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153682023-12-07T03:08:32.594351+00:002023-12-07T03:07:03.460437+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115368-warm-days-trends-1972-2022/" title="Details for Warm days, trends, 1972 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115368.395067,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Warm days, trends, 1972 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>The trends in the number of warm days for the 30 temperature sites across New Zealand are presented from 1972 to 2022. Warm days are days with a daily maximum temperature above 25 degrees Celsius.</p>
<p>The number of warm days change from year to year in response to variable weather patterns and climate drivers. Climate models project we may experience more warm extremes in the future (IPCC, 2021). According to the WMO (2016) a decrease in cold days and nights and an increase in warm days and nights can have major implications for human health, agricultural production, and ecosystems.</p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA monitoring site<br>
period_start: Start of the period for which the trend was assessed<br>
period_end: End of the period for which the trend was assessed<br>
p_value: P value<br>
slope, conf_low, conf_high: Rate of change per year and their lower and upper confidence intervals<br>
conf_level: confidence level (66% or 90% to match IPCC likelihood levels)<br>
z: Z score<br>
trend_method: Whether the information in this row correspond to the Sen slope or the Mann-Kendall test<br>
n: number of observations used to calculate the trend<br>
note: analysis note<br>
s, var_s, tau: Mann-Kendall trend statistics<br>
alternative: the alternative hypothesis used for the Mann-Kendall test<br>
trend_likelihood: Likelihood categories adapted from IPCC. Indicates the likelihood that a trend is increasing, decreasing, or indeterminate<br>
lat: Latitude<br>
lon: Longitude</p>
<p>References:</p>
<p>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, & B. Zhou, Eds.). Cambridge University Press.<br>
<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/">www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/</a></p>
<p>World Meteorological Organization. (2016). Hotter, drier, wetter. Face the future. WMO. <a href="https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/world-meteorological-day/previous-world-meteorological-days/hotter-drier-wetter-face">public.wmo.int/en/resources/world-meteorological-d...</a></p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Warm days, state, 1972 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153672023-12-07T03:03:00.539812+00:002023-12-07T03:00:53.011998+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115367-warm-days-state-1972-2022/" title="Details for Warm days, state, 1972 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115367.395066,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Warm days, state, 1972 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This indicator provides data for the number of warm days (daily maximum temperature above 25 degrees Celsius) for the 30 sites across New Zealand from at least 1972 to 2022. </p>
<p>Global average temperatures have increased by around 1 degree Celsius in the last century, almost certainly a result of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases emitted from human activities. While this change may seem small, relatively small changes in our climate can have big effects on our environment (Ministry for the Environment [MfE] & Stats NZ, 2019). </p>
<p>The number of warm days change from year to year in response to variable weather patterns and climate drivers. Climate models project we may experience more warm extremes in the future (IPCC, 2021). According to the WMO (2016) a decrease in cold days and nights and an increase in warm days and nights can have major implications for human health, agricultural production, and ecosystems. </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA monitoring site<br>
n_days: Number of days<br>
period_start: Start of the period where the number of days were counted<br>
period_end: End of the period where the number of days were counted<br>
lat: Latitude<br>
lon: Longitude<br>
site_simple: site without macrons </p>
<p>References:<br>
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, & B. Zhou, Eds.). Cambridge University Press.<br>
<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/">www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/</a><br>
Ministry for the Environment & Stats NZ. (2019). New Zealand’s Environmental Reporting Series: Environment Aotearoa 2019 (Publication No. ME 1416). <a href="https://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/environmental-reporting/environment-aotearoa-2019">www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/environmental-reporti...</a><br>
World Meteorological Organization. (2016). Hotter, drier, wetter. Face the future. WMO. <a href="https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/world-meteorological-day/previous-world-meteorological-days/hotter-drier-wetter-face">public.wmo.int/en/resources/world-meteorological-d...</a></p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Growing Degree Days, state, 1972 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153792023-12-07T21:34:53.288397+00:002023-12-07T21:21:50.632730+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115379-growing-degree-days-state-1972-2022/" title="Details for Growing Degree Days, state, 1972 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115379.395081,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Growing Degree Days, state, 1972 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset measures growing degree days (GDD) at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from at least 1972 to 2022. We report counts of average annual growing degree days for each site from 2013 to 2022.. </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
sIte: Site the NIWA climate stations represent.<br>
year: Given year the total growing degrees are calculated for.<br>
base_temperature:The base temperature to calculate the total GDD. Threshold is in degrees Celsius .<br>
gowirng_degrees: The total number of degrees Celsius above a base threshold temperature for each year.<br>
Units:Units applicable for both growing degrees and the base temperature (degrees Celsius).<br>
Lat:Approximate latitude of site location.<br>
Lon: Approximate longitude of site location.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Frost days, state,1972-2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153712023-12-07T03:57:51.849510+00:002023-12-07T03:55:26.255910+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115371-frost-days-state1972-2022/" title="Details for Frost days, state,1972-2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115371.395070,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Frost days, state,1972-2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This indicator measures the number of frost days for 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from at least 1972 to 2022. </p>
<p>The number of frost days changes from year to year in response to variable weather patterns, and their occurrence is also influenced by climate change. Climate models project we may experience fewer cold and more warm extremes in the future. Changes in the number and timing of frost days can affect agriculture, horticulture, and viticulture, for example, by damaging and destroying crops at sensitive growth stages.</p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: Site the NIWA climate stations represent.<br>
year: Given year the number of frost days are calculated for.<br>
Frost days: Total number of frost days are year as defined when the air temperature is below zero at 1.2m off the ground.<br>
first_frost: The first day are recorded in a given year.<br>
last_frost: The last days are recorded in a given year.<br>
lat: Approximate latitude of site location.<br>
lon: Approximate longitude of site location.<br>
site_simple: Site the NIWA climate stations represent.</p>
<p>References:<br>
Hutchinson, G. K., Richards, K., & Risk, W. H. (2000). Aspects of accumulated heat patterns (growing-degree days) and pasture growth in Southland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 62, 81–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2396">doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2396</a></p>
<p>Macara, G., Nichol, D., Liley, B., & Noll, B. (2023). Ministry for the Environment Atmosphere and Climate Report 2023: Updated Datasets supplied by NIWA (NIWA Client Report No. 2023072WN). <a href="https://environment.govt.nz/publications/atmosphere-and-climate-indicators-2023-updated-datasets">environment.govt.nz/publications/atmosphere-and-cl...</a></p>
<p>Macara, G., & Tait, A. (2015). Infilling of missing climate data: temperature, rainfall and wind (NIWA Client Report No. WLG2015-33). <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/document/21253-macara-g-tait-a-2015-infilling-of-missing-climate-data-for-the-2015-environmental-synthesis-report-temperature-rainfall-and-wind/">data.mfe.govt.nz/document/21253-macara-g-tait-a-20...</a></p>
<p>Mastrandrea, M. D., Field, C. B., Stocker, T. F., Edenhofer, O., Ebi, K. L., Frame, D. J., Held, H., Kriegler, E., Mach, K. J., Matschoss, P. R., Plattner, G.-K., Yohe, G. W., & Zwiers, F. W. (2010). Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/05/uncertainty-guidance-note.pdf">www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/05/uncertaint...</a></p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Extreme rainfall, trends, 1960 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153102023-12-02T02:12:58.414078+00:002023-12-02T02:11:11.141704+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115310-extreme-rainfall-trends-1960-2022/" title="Details for Extreme rainfall, trends, 1960 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115310.394895,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Extreme rainfall, trends, 1960 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 02 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset measures extreme rainfall at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1960 to 2022. We measure the maximum amount of rainfall in a single day (‘maximum precipitationl’), the number of very wet days (‘very wet days’), and the percentage of annual rainfall from very wet days (‘very wet day precipitation percent’). We present trends against the 1961 to 1990 climate normal period as well as the 1991 to 2020 climate normal period for very wet days and the percentage of annual rainfall from very wet days.</p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA climate site<br>
reference_period: Reference period against which the number of wet days was calculated<br>
parameter: maximum precipitation (mm), very wet days, very wet day precipitation percent (%)<br>
period_start: Start of trend period<br>
period_end: End of trend period<br>
p_value: P value<br>
slope: Sen’s slope statistic of rate of change<br>
conf_low: Confidence intervals for Sen’s slope statistic<br>
conf_high: Confidence intervals for Sen’s slope statistic<br>
conf_level: Confidence level (90% or 66%) for Sen’s slope statistic<br>
z: z score<br>
trend_method: Mann-Kendall or Sen’s slope method<br>
n: Number of data points included in trend calculation<br>
note: note on data point<br>
s: Mann-Kendall test statistics<br>
var_s: Mann-Kendall test statistics<br>
tau: Mann-Kendall test statistics<br>
alternative: Alternative hypothesis<br>
trend_likelihood: Likelihood of trend direction adapted from IPCC criteria<br>
lat: Latitude<br>
lon: Longitude<br>
site_simple: site without macrons</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 02 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 02 Dec 2023<br />
Extreme rainfall, state, 1960 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153092023-12-02T02:01:47.272387+00:002023-12-02T02:00:08.111397+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115309-extreme-rainfall-state-1960-2022/" title="Details for Extreme rainfall, state, 1960 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115309.394894,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Extreme rainfall, state, 1960 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 02 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset measures extreme rainfall at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1960 to 2022. We measure the maximum amount of rainfall in a single day (‘maximum one-day rainfall’), the number of very wet days (‘very wet days’), and the percentage of annual rainfall from very wet days (‘rainfall due to very wet days’). We present annual values for these measures. </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA 30 stations<br>
period_start: start of year<br>
period_end: end of year<br>
reference _period: climate normal used to identify very wet days<br>
parameter: Parameter (maximum one-day rainfall (mm), number of very wet days, rainfall due to very wet days (%))<br>
data_value: Data value for parameter<br>
lat: Latitude<br>
lon: Longitude<br>
pretty_site_name: Pretty site name<br>
site_simple: pretty_site_name without macrons</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 02 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 02 Dec 2023<br />
Annual and seasonal rainfall at 30 sites, trends, 1960 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153652023-12-07T02:53:56.990196+00:002023-12-07T02:52:02.160581+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115365-annual-and-seasonal-rainfall-at-30-sites-trends-1960-2022/" title="Details for Annual and seasonal rainfall at 30 sites, trends, 1960 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115365.395064,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Annual and seasonal rainfall at 30 sites, trends, 1960 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset measures annual and seasonal rainfall trends at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1960 to 2022.</p>
<p>Variables<br>
site: NIWA climate site.<br>
season: Season or Annual data (combined for ease of data use)<br>
trend_likelihood: Likelihood of trend direction adapted from IPCC criteria.<br>
period_start: Start of trend period<br>
period_end: End of trend period<br>
p_value: P value<br>
slope, conf_low, conf_high, conf_level: Slope statistic to describe rate of change and relevant 90% and 66% confidence intervals.<br>
intercept: Intercept<br>
r_sqared: R squared<br>
sigma: Sigma<br>
trend_method: Trend method (Mann-Kendall or Linear model)<br>
n: Number of data points included in trend calculation.<br>
note: Linear model analysis notes<br>
s, var_s, tau, z: Mann-Kendall test statistics.<br>
alternative: Alternative hypothesis used in Mann Kendall Calculation<br>
lat: Approximate latitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
lon: Approximate longitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
simple_site: site without macrons</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Annual and seasonal rainfall at 30 sites, state, 1960 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153642023-12-07T02:49:21.086820+00:002023-12-07T02:47:14.812249+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115364-annual-and-seasonal-rainfall-at-30-sites-state-1960-2022/" title="Details for Annual and seasonal rainfall at 30 sites, state, 1960 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115364.395063,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Annual and seasonal rainfall at 30 sites, state, 1960 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset measures annual and seasonal rainfall at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1960 to 2022. We also provide data for annual and seasonal anomalies (difference from baseline) for each site from 1960 to 2022.</p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA climate site.<br>
season: Season or Annual data (combined for ease of data use)<br>
precipitation: Rainfall in mm<br>
period_start: Start date of season or year<br>
period_end: End date of season or year<br>
pretty_site_name: pretty site name<br>
lat: Approximate latitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
lon: Approximate longitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
anom_1961: Anomaly against baseline 1961-1990<br>
anom_1991: Anomaly against baseline 1991-2020<br>
site_simple: pretty_site_name without macrons</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Daily rainfall at 30 sites, state, 1960 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153632023-12-07T02:56:21.193431+00:002023-12-07T02:28:11.524682+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115363-daily-rainfall-at-30-sites-state-1960-2022/" title="Details for Daily rainfall at 30 sites, state, 1960 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115363.395062,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Daily rainfall at 30 sites, state, 1960 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 07 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset measures daily rainfall at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1960 to 2022.</p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: location of monitoring station<br>
date: date<br>
rainfall: rainfall in mm<br>
rainfall_units: rainfall is measured in mm<br>
lat: Approximate latitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
lon: Approximate longitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
site_simple: site without macrons</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 07 Dec 2023<br />
Extreme wind, trends, 1980 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153082023-12-02T01:57:36.656947+00:002023-12-02T01:55:54.648258+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115308-extreme-wind-trends-1980-2022/" title="Details for Extreme wind, trends, 1980 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115308.394893,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Extreme wind, trends, 1980 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 02 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset measures the strength of extreme wind at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1980 to 2022. For individual sites we present the trends for the annual average of the daily maximum wind gust, and the annual maximum wind gust. </p>
<p>The annual average of the daily maximum wind gust provides information on windiness, while the annual maximum wind gust provides information on the strength of extreme wind events. </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA climate site.<br>
statistic: Highest max gust is maximum wind speed recorded, average max gust is monthly average calculated from highest 10min daily average, days above p99 is number of days above the 99th percentile calculated for all available daily data for each site.<br>
lat: Approx. lattitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
lon: Approx. longitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
p value: probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed<br>
slope, conf_low, conf_high, conf_level: Sen slope statistic to describe rate of change and relevant 90% and 66% confidence intervals.<br>
z: Z score<br>
method: Trend method used<br>
n: Number of data points included in trend calculation.<br>
note: additional note<br>
s, var_s, tau: Mann-Kendall test statistics.<br>
alternative:<br>
trend_likelihood: Likelihood of trend direction adapted from IPCC criteria.<br>
period_start: The start of the period the trend represents<br>
period_end: The end of the period the trend represents<br>
unit: Unit of data value (recorded wind speed).</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 02 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 02 Dec 2023<br />
Extreme wind, state, 1980 - 2022tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2023-12:layers:1153072023-12-02T01:53:47.299324+00:002023-12-02T01:51:18.848655+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115307-extreme-wind-state-1980-2022/" title="Details for Extreme wind, state, 1980 - 2022"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115307.394892,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Extreme wind, state, 1980 - 2022 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 02 Dec 2023</strong><br />
<p>This dataset measures the strength of extreme wind at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1980 to 2022. For individual sites, we provide data for the highest maximum wind gust, average maximum wind gust, and the number of days with wind gusts extreme for a location. The average of the daily maximum wind gust provides information on windiness, while the maximum wind gust provides information on the strength of extreme wind events. The number of days with a maximum wind gust that exceeds the 99th percentile daily maximum wind gust speed, which measures how often extreme wind events (measured as a gust that is extreme for that location) occur for a site. </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
site: NIWA climate site.<br>
statistic: Highest max gust is maximum wind speed recorded, average max gust is monthly average calculated from highest 10min daily average, days above p99 is number of days above the 99th percentile calculated for all available daily data for each site.<br>
month: Month representing data value. A month needed 100% of daily values to be calculated.<br>
year: Year representing data value.<br>
data_value: Calculated wind speed per given month and statistic.<br>
lat: Approx. latitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
lon: Approx. longitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site.<br>
unit: Unit of data value (recorded wind speed or days above 99th percentile).</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 02 Dec 2023<br />
Updated: 02 Dec 2023<br />
Particulate matter exceedences 2006–2013tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2015-12:layers:526682015-12-09T00:40:10.608410+00:002015-12-08T23:49:05.710182+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52668-particulate-matter-exceedences-20062013/" title="Details for Particulate matter exceedences 2006–2013"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52668.149251,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Particulate matter exceedences 2006–2013 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 08 Dec 2015</strong><br />
<p>"Particulate matter 10 micrometres or less in diameter (PM10) in the air comprises solid particles and liquid droplets from both natural and human-made sources. The main sources are burning wood or coal for home heating, and sea spray. PM10 is of particular concern because it is found in high concentrations in some areas. It can damage health and is associated with effects ranging from respiratory irritation to some forms of cancer.</p>
<p>This dataset records the number of times that concentrations of PM10 exceed the daily standard for years 2006 to 2013. Field names are Yr_.</p>
<p>Data is broken down by airshed.</p>
<p>This dataset relates to the ""PM10 daily concentrations"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. </p>
<p>Geometry: Points</p>
<p>Units: No. of days"</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 09 Dec 2015<br />
Updated: 08 Dec 2015<br />
Particulate matter concentrations 2006–2013tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2015-12:layers:526672015-12-09T00:40:06.625538+00:002015-12-08T23:48:35.449225+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52667-particulate-matter-concentrations-20062013/" title="Details for Particulate matter concentrations 2006–2013"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52667.149250,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Particulate matter concentrations 2006–2013 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 08 Dec 2015</strong><br />
<p>"Particulate matter 10 micrometres or less in diameter (PM10) in the air comprises solid particles and liquid droplets from both natural and human-made sources. PM10 can be emitted from the combustion of fuels, such as wood and coal (eg from home heating and industry), and petrol and diesel (from vehicles). Natural PM10 includes sea salt, dust, pollen, smoke (from bush fires), and volcanic ash. Nationally, burning wood or coal for home heating is the main human-made source of PM10. PM10 is of particular concern because it is found in high concentrations in some areas and can damage health. It is associated with effects ranging from respiratory irritation to some forms of cancer.</p>
<p>This dataset shows annual average PM10 concentrations for years 2006 to 2013. Field names are PM10_.<br>
This dataset also shows describes whether the PM10 trend, ie, whether concentrations have shown statisticsally significantly increases, decreases, or an indeterminate trend.</p>
<p>Data is broken down by monitoring site.</p>
<p>This dataset relates to the ""Annual average PM10 concentrations in towns and cities"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. </p>
<p>Geometry: Points</p>
<p>Units: micrograms/m3"</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 09 Dec 2015<br />
Updated: 08 Dec 2015<br />
Lake water quality, 2009–13tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2016-02:layers:533102016-02-17T18:55:21.823498+00:002016-02-17T18:54:36.066110+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/53310-lake-water-quality-200913/" title="Details for Lake water quality, 2009–13"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=53310.152137,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Lake water quality, 2009–13 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 17 Feb 2016</strong><br />
<p>"The Lake Trophic Level Index (TLI) characterises the life supporting capacity of a lake based on nutrient enrichment. In general, the higher the TLI score, the poorer the water quality in the lake. Lakes with extremely poor quality are rarely suitable for recreation and provide poor quality habitat for aquatic species.<br>
Care should be taken when interpreting these results. Monitored lakes consist of about 4 percent of all New Zealand lakes, and programmes may focus on those that have poor water quality or are at risk due to the type of land use in their catchment.<br>
After checking for data consistency, the lakes considered suitable for national comparison are sparsely and unevenly distributed, with gaps in the Manawatu, Taranaki, Tasman, Marlborough, Otago, and West Coast regions. The lakes considered in the analysis are located mainly in Northland, Bay of Plenty, Hawke’s Bay, and Canterbury.<br>
This dataset relates to the ""Lake water quality: trophic level index"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website.<br>
"</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Feb 2016<br />
Updated: 17 Feb 2016<br />
Freshwater pests: Parrots feathertag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2016-01:layers:527252016-01-11T01:37:32.739565+00:002016-01-11T01:24:10.123389+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52725-freshwater-pests-parrots-feather/" title="Details for Freshwater pests: Parrots feather"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52725.150207,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Freshwater pests: Parrots feather thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Jan 2016</strong><br />
<p>"Freshwater plant and animal pests can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health by reducing indigenous biodiversity through predation and competition, and destabilising aquatic habitats. Freshwater plant pests can cause economic losses through blocking water intakes for hydroelectricity generation, impeded drainage or irrigation. In addition, pests can affect the suitability for recreational activities.<br>
This dataset relates to the ""Freshwater pests"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Updated: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Freshwater pests: Koi carptag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2016-01:layers:527122016-01-11T01:35:46.708149+00:002016-01-11T01:18:14.420840+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52712-freshwater-pests-koi-carp/" title="Details for Freshwater pests: Koi carp"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52712.150193,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Freshwater pests: Koi carp thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Jan 2016</strong><br />
<p>"Freshwater plant and animal pests can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health by reducing indigenous biodiversity through predation and competition, and destabilising aquatic habitats. Freshwater plant pests can cause economic losses through blocking water intakes for hydroelectricity generation, impeded drainage or irrigation. In addition, pests can affect the suitability for recreational activities.<br>
This dataset relates to the ""Freshwater pests"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Updated: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Freshwater pests: Gambusiatag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2016-01:layers:527062016-01-11T01:34:53.132163+00:002016-01-11T01:15:41.139387+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52706-freshwater-pests-gambusia/" title="Details for Freshwater pests: Gambusia"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52706.150187,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Freshwater pests: Gambusia thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Jan 2016</strong><br />
<p>"Freshwater plant and animal pests can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health by reducing indigenous biodiversity through predation and competition, and destabilising aquatic habitats. Freshwater plant pests can cause economic losses through blocking water intakes for hydroelectricity generation, impeded drainage or irrigation. In addition, pests can affect the suitability for recreational activities.<br>
This dataset relates to the ""Freshwater pests"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Updated: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Freshwater pests: Egeriatag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2016-01:layers:526992016-01-11T01:33:42.628167+00:002016-01-11T01:00:10.829009+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52699-freshwater-pests-egeria/" title="Details for Freshwater pests: Egeria"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52699.150180,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Freshwater pests: Egeria thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Jan 2016</strong><br />
<p>"Freshwater plant and animal pests can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health by reducing indigenous biodiversity through predation and competition, and destabilising aquatic habitats. Freshwater plant pests can cause economic losses through blocking water intakes for hydroelectricity generation, impeded drainage or irrigation. In addition, pests can affect the suitability for recreational activities.<br>
This dataset relates to the ""Freshwater pests"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Updated: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Freshwater pests: Coontailtag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2016-01:layers:526942016-01-11T00:58:22.240372+00:002016-01-11T00:57:24.972387+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52694-freshwater-pests-coontail/" title="Details for Freshwater pests: Coontail"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52694.150175,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Freshwater pests: Coontail thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Jan 2016</strong><br />
<p>"Freshwater plant and animal pests can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health by reducing indigenous biodiversity through predation and competition, and destabilising aquatic habitats. Freshwater plant pests can cause economic losses through blocking water intakes for hydroelectricity generation, impeded drainage or irrigation. In addition, pests can affect the suitability for recreational activities.<br>
This dataset relates to the ""Freshwater pests"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Updated: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Freshwater pests: Phragmitestag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2016-01:layers:527262016-01-11T01:37:32.644330+00:002016-01-11T01:24:56.540428+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52726-freshwater-pests-phragmites/" title="Details for Freshwater pests: Phragmites"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52726.150208,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Freshwater pests: Phragmites thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Jan 2016</strong><br />
<p>"Freshwater plant and animal pests can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health by reducing indigenous biodiversity through predation and competition, and destabilising aquatic habitats. Freshwater plant pests can cause economic losses through blocking water intakes for hydroelectricity generation, impeded drainage or irrigation. In addition, pests can affect the suitability for recreational activities.<br>
This dataset relates to the "Freshwater pests" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Updated: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Freshwater pests: Water nettag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2016-01:layers:527442016-01-11T01:39:55.186372+00:002016-01-11T01:32:33.211877+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52744-freshwater-pests-water-net/" title="Details for Freshwater pests: Water net"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52744.150227,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Freshwater pests: Water net thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 11 Jan 2016</strong><br />
<p>"Freshwater plant and animal pests can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health by reducing indigenous biodiversity through predation and competition, and destabilising aquatic habitats. Freshwater plant pests can cause economic losses through blocking water intakes for hydroelectricity generation, impeded drainage or irrigation. In addition, pests can affect the suitability for recreational activities.<br>
This dataset relates to the "Freshwater pests" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 11 Jan 2016<br />
Updated: 11 Jan 2016<br />