MfE Data Service :: tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2008-10:feed:data:category=301159:sort=rMinistry for the Environmenthttps://data.mfe.govt.nz//Annual trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2024-02:layers:1159802024-02-19T01:33:44.256050+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115980-annual-trends-particulate-matter-10-pm10-particulate-matter-25-pm25-nitrogen-dioxide-no2-sulphur-dioxide-so2-carbon-monoxide-co-and-ground-level-ozone-2011-2020/" title="Details for Annual trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115980.398302,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Annual trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>For trends, sites needed to have at least six complete years between 2011 and 2020. For annual trends, a site could not have a gap in the time series longer tan four months.<br>
Annual trends between 2011 and 2020 for:<br>
- Particulate matter 10 (PM10) concentrations<br>
- Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations<br>
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations<br>
- Sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations<br>
- Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations<br>
- Ground-level ozone concentrations </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
pollutant: abbreviated pollutant name, chemical name, or chemical formula (e.g., PM10, Ozone, or CO)<br>
site: regional council or unitary authority unique name for site<br>
airshed: gazetted name of airshed<br>
lat: site latitude<br>
long: site longitude<br>
likelihood: trend direction (“improving, “worsening”, or “indeterminate” – for more information see Stats NZ indicator webpages).<br>
significant: TRUE if the trend is statistically significant, otherwise FALSE<br>
p: p-value to assess level of statistical significance<br>
slope: slope of the trend line (average units/year change)<br>
lower: lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the slope<br>
upper: upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the slope<br>
intercept: intercept of the trend line<br>
lower_intercept, upper_intercept: trend statistics<br>
slope_percent, lower_percent, upper_percent: trend statistics<br>
trend_type: type of trend (i.e., annual or seasonal)<br>
period_start: first year of the trend period<br>
period_end: last year of the trend period</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 19 Feb 2024<br />
Seasonal trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2024-02:layers:1159792024-02-19T01:31:52.389205+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/115979-seasonal-trends-particulate-matter-10-pm10-particulate-matter-25-pm25-nitrogen-dioxide-no2-sulphur-dioxide-so2-carbon-monoxide-co-and-ground-level-ozone-2011-2020/" title="Details for Seasonal trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=115979.398301,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Seasonal trends: Particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone: 2011 - 2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>For seasonal trends, sites needed to have at least six complete seasons between 2011 and 2020. New to this update: not all seasons had to be complete – the previous update only calculated trends over complete seasons.<br>
Seasonal trends between 2011 and 2020 for:<br>
- Particulate matter 10 (PM10) concentrations<br>
- Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations<br>
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations<br>
- Sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations<br>
- Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations<br>
- Ground-level ozone concentrations </p>
<p>Variables:<br>
pollutant: abbreviated pollutant name, chemical name, or chemical formula (e.g., PM10, Ozone, or CO)<br>
site: regional council or unitary authority unique name for site<br>
airshed: gazetted name of airshed<br>
lat: site latitude<br>
long: site longitude<br>
season: season of trend<br>
likelihood: trend direction (“improving, “worsening”, or “indeterminate” – for more information see Stats NZ indicator webpages).<br>
significant: TRUE if the trend is statistically significant, otherwise FALSE<br>
p: p-value to assess level of statistical significance<br>
slope: slope of the trend line (average units/year change)<br>
lower: lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the slope<br>
upper: upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the slope<br>
intercept: intercept of the trend line<br>
period_start: first year of the trend period<br>
period_end: last year of the trend period<br>
trend_type: type of trend (i.e., annual or seasonal)</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 19 Feb 2024<br />
Particulate matter exceedences 2006–2013tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2015-12:layers:526682015-12-09T00:40:10.608410+00:002015-12-08T23:49:05.710182+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52668-particulate-matter-exceedences-20062013/" title="Details for Particulate matter exceedences 2006–2013"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52668.149251,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Particulate matter exceedences 2006–2013 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 08 Dec 2015</strong><br />
<p>"Particulate matter 10 micrometres or less in diameter (PM10) in the air comprises solid particles and liquid droplets from both natural and human-made sources. The main sources are burning wood or coal for home heating, and sea spray. PM10 is of particular concern because it is found in high concentrations in some areas. It can damage health and is associated with effects ranging from respiratory irritation to some forms of cancer.</p>
<p>This dataset records the number of times that concentrations of PM10 exceed the daily standard for years 2006 to 2013. Field names are Yr_.</p>
<p>Data is broken down by airshed.</p>
<p>This dataset relates to the ""PM10 daily concentrations"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. </p>
<p>Geometry: Points</p>
<p>Units: No. of days"</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 09 Dec 2015<br />
Updated: 08 Dec 2015<br />
Particulate matter concentrations 2006–2013tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2015-12:layers:526672015-12-09T00:40:06.625538+00:002015-12-08T23:48:35.449225+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52667-particulate-matter-concentrations-20062013/" title="Details for Particulate matter concentrations 2006–2013"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52667.149250,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Particulate matter concentrations 2006–2013 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 08 Dec 2015</strong><br />
<p>"Particulate matter 10 micrometres or less in diameter (PM10) in the air comprises solid particles and liquid droplets from both natural and human-made sources. PM10 can be emitted from the combustion of fuels, such as wood and coal (eg from home heating and industry), and petrol and diesel (from vehicles). Natural PM10 includes sea salt, dust, pollen, smoke (from bush fires), and volcanic ash. Nationally, burning wood or coal for home heating is the main human-made source of PM10. PM10 is of particular concern because it is found in high concentrations in some areas and can damage health. It is associated with effects ranging from respiratory irritation to some forms of cancer.</p>
<p>This dataset shows annual average PM10 concentrations for years 2006 to 2013. Field names are PM10_.<br>
This dataset also shows describes whether the PM10 trend, ie, whether concentrations have shown statisticsally significantly increases, decreases, or an indeterminate trend.</p>
<p>Data is broken down by monitoring site.</p>
<p>This dataset relates to the ""Annual average PM10 concentrations in towns and cities"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. </p>
<p>Geometry: Points</p>
<p>Units: micrograms/m3"</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 09 Dec 2015<br />
Updated: 08 Dec 2015<br />
Gas and particulate matter emissions 2001–2013tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2015-12:layers:526662015-12-09T00:52:04.257275+00:002015-12-08T23:47:52.807509+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/52666-gas-and-particulate-matter-emissions-20012013/" title="Details for Gas and particulate matter emissions 2001–2013"><img src="//tiles-cdn.koordinates.com/services/tiles/v4/thumbnail/layer=52666.149249,style=auto/90x70.png" alt="Gas and particulate matter emissions 2001–2013 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 08 Dec 2015</strong><br />
<p>"This dataset shows estimated annual emissions for different pollutants (tonnes per square kilometre): Particulate matter 10 micrometres or less in diameter (PM10); Particulate matter 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter (PM2.5); Sulphur dioxide; Sulphur Oxides (SOx); Carbon Monoxide (CO), and; Nitrogen Oxides (NOx).</p>
<p>Measures of:<br>
- PM10 and PM2.5 are from home heating<br>
- SOx are from Industrial sources<br>
- CO and NOx are from road motor vehicles.</p>
<p>Data for PM10 (PM10_t_km_yr_) and PM2.5 (PM25_t_km_yr_) are provided for 2006 and 2013, including percent difference (PM10_PC_difference) and (PM25_PC_difference).</p>
<p>Data for CO (MV_CO_t_km_yr_) and NOx (MV_NOx_t_km_yr_) are provided for 2001 and 2013, include percent difference (MV_CO_PC_diff_01_13) and NOx (MV_NOx_PC_diff_01_13).</p>
<p>Data for SOx is for 2013 only (I_SOx_t_km_yr_2013).</p>
<p>Data is broken down by territorial authority area.</p>
<p>This dataset relates to various Environmental measurse on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website: home heating; road motor vehicle emissions, and industrial emissions.</p>
<p>Geometry: Polygons</p>
<p>Units: t/km/yr"</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 09 Dec 2015<br />
Updated: 08 Dec 2015<br />
Ground-level ozone seasonal trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062382021-10-13T22:01:54.386006+00:002021-10-10T21:34:13.747982+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106238-ground-level-ozone-seasonal-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Ground-level ozone seasonal trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106238/352839/small.png" alt="Ground-level ozone seasonal trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 10 Oct 2021</strong><br />
<p>Ground-level (tropospheric) ozone (O3) exists at a natural background level but is also produced when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds from vehicle emissions, petrol fumes, industrial processes solvents, and other human-made sources react in the presence of heat and sunlight. It is the primary component of photochemical smog. Ozone also occurs naturally in the stratosphere, where it protects us from ultraviolet radiation – this ozone occasionally can mix downwards to ground level.</p>
<p>Ozone is a colourless, odourless gas. Exposure to high concentrations of ozone can cause respiratory health problems and is linked to cardiovascular health problems and increased mortality. Those most at risk include people with asthma, children, older adults, and people who are active outdoors, such as outdoor workers. People with certain genetic characteristics and nutrient deficiencies are also at greater risk from ozone exposure. Ozone can also affect sensitive vegetation and ecosystems and can cause damage during the growing season.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the seasonal trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Updated: 10 Oct 2021<br />
Nitrogen dioxide 6 year trends, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2015-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062752021-10-13T21:46:33.265830+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106275-nitrogen-dioxide-6-year-trends-waka-kotahi-nzta-2015-2020/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide 6 year trends, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2015-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106275/352892/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide 6 year trends, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2015-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health (United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2021), ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) the collective term for NO2 and NO.</p>
<p>Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems and can trigger asthma attacks. Nitrogen dioxide can cause leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.</p>
<p>Nitrogen dioxide is a gas primarily formed through burning fossil fuels, mainly by motor vehicles (particularly diesel), but also from industrial emissions. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the trends assessed for the period 2015-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Nitrogen dioxide 10 year trends, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062742021-10-13T21:49:07.958200+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106274-nitrogen-dioxide-10-year-trends-waka-kotahi-nzta-2011-2020/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide 10 year trends, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106274/352891/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide 10 year trends, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health (United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2021), ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) the collective term for NO2 and NO.</p>
<p>Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems and can trigger asthma attacks. Nitrogen dioxide can cause leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.</p>
<p>Nitrogen dioxide is a gas primarily formed through burning fossil fuels, mainly by motor vehicles (particularly diesel), but also from industrial emissions. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the annual trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Nitrogen dioxide concentrations, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2007-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062732021-10-13T21:49:22.438008+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106273-nitrogen-dioxide-concentrations-waka-kotahi-nzta-2007-2020/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide concentrations, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2007-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106273/352890/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide concentrations, Waka Kotahi NZTA, 2007-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health (United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2021), ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) the collective term for NO2 and NO.</p>
<p>Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems and can trigger asthma attacks. Nitrogen dioxide can cause leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.</p>
<p>Nitrogen dioxide is a gas primarily formed through burning fossil fuels, mainly by motor vehicles (particularly diesel), but also from industrial emissions. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Nitrogen dioxide concentrations, 2004-2021tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062722021-10-13T21:50:48.233878+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106272-nitrogen-dioxide-concentrations-2004-2021/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide concentrations, 2004-2021"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106272/352889/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide concentrations, 2004-2021 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health (United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2021), ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) the collective term for NO2 and NO.</p>
<p>Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems and can trigger asthma attacks. Nitrogen dioxide can cause leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.</p>
<p>Nitrogen dioxide is a gas primarily formed through burning fossil fuels, mainly by motor vehicles (particularly diesel), but also from industrial emissions. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2004-2021tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062712021-10-12T22:14:32.199668+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106271-sulphur-dioxide-concentrations-2004-2021/" title="Details for Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2004-2021"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106271/352888/small.png" alt="Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2004-2021 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a highly reactive gas formed when fuels containing sulphur, such as coal or petrochemical products (including high-sulphur ship fuel), are burned. It is also produced from industrial processes such as superphosphate fertiliser production and smelting sulphur-containing metal ores. Geothermal and volcanic gases are the main natural sources of sulphur dioxide.</p>
<p>When inhaled, sulphur dioxide is associated with respiratory problems such as bronchitis. It can aggravate the symptoms of asthma and chronic lung disease and cause irritation to eyes. On days with higher sulphur dioxide levels, hospital admissions for cardiac disease and mortality increase. In ecosystems, it can injure vegetation, acidify water and soil, and affect biodiversity.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 12 Oct 2021<br />
Particulate matter 2.5 concentrations, 2006-2021tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062702021-10-13T21:54:04.133887+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106270-particulate-matter-25-concentrations-2006-2021/" title="Details for Particulate matter 2.5 concentrations, 2006-2021"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106270/352887/small.png" alt="Particulate matter 2.5 concentrations, 2006-2021 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM2.5 particles have a diameter less than 2.5 micrometres. They can be inhaled and deposited deep in the lungs where air-gas exchange occurs.</p>
<p>Short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5, even at low levels, is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of premature death, especially in vulnerable people (the young, the elderly, and people with respiratory illness). Emerging evidence points to possible links with cognitive function, neuro-development, and diabetes.</p>
<p>In New Zealand, most PM2.5 in the air results from combustion (for example, burning wood for home heating), and to a lesser extent, from reactions in the atmosphere (secondary PM), and from naturally occurring sea salt.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Particulate matter 10 concentrations, 2004-2021tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062692021-10-12T20:09:46.108293+00:002021-10-12T20:02:42.548759+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106269-particulate-matter-10-concentrations-2004-2021/" title="Details for Particulate matter 10 concentrations, 2004-2021"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106269/352886/small.png" alt="Particulate matter 10 concentrations, 2004-2021 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 12 Oct 2021</strong><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM10 particles have a diameter less than 10 micrometres. Coarse particles (2.5–10 micrometres) can be inhaled – they generally deposit in the upper airways; fine particles (smaller than 2.5 micrometres) can deposit deep in the lungs where air-gas exchange occurs.</p>
<p>Since PM10 is small enough to be inhaled, exposure can cause cardiovascular and respiratory health problems, such as heart attack, stroke, lung cancer, and premature death. It can also aggravate asthma and has been linked with diabetes. Children, the elderly, and people with existing heart or lung issues have a higher risk of health problems from exposure to PM10. These problems include decreased lung function, heart attack, and mortality.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 12 Oct 2021<br />
Updated: 12 Oct 2021<br />
Ground-level ozone concentrations, 2005-2021tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062682021-10-13T21:54:45.758536+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106268-ground-level-ozone-concentrations-2005-2021/" title="Details for Ground-level ozone concentrations, 2005-2021"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106268/352885/small.png" alt="Ground-level ozone concentrations, 2005-2021 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Ground-level (tropospheric) ozone (O3) exists at a natural background level but is also produced when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds from vehicle emissions, petrol fumes, industrial processes solvents, and other human-made sources react in the presence of heat and sunlight. It is the primary component of photochemical smog. Ozone also occurs naturally in the stratosphere, where it protects us from ultraviolet radiation – this ozone occasionally can mix downwards to ground level.</p>
<p>Ozone is a colourless, odourless gas. Exposure to high concentrations of ozone can cause respiratory health problems and is linked to cardiovascular health problems and increased mortality. Those most at risk include people with asthma, children, older adults, and people who are active outdoors, such as outdoor workers. People with certain genetic characteristics and nutrient deficiencies are also at greater risk from ozone exposure. Ozone can also affect sensitive vegetation and ecosystems and can cause damage during the growing season.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Carbon monoxide concentrations, 2004-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062512021-10-13T21:55:11.011024+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106251-carbon-monoxide-concentrations-2004-2020/" title="Details for Carbon monoxide concentrations, 2004-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106251/352853/small.png" alt="Carbon monoxide concentrations, 2004-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas. The most common sources of carbon monoxide are from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as fuel used by vehicles, and from wood and coal, commonly burnt in fires for home heating. Other common sources of carbon monoxide are tobacco smoke and indoor gas fires. It also occurs naturally, for example, from volcanoes and wildfires.</p>
<p>Carbon monoxide can affect human health by interfering with the blood’s ability to absorb and circulate oxygen and by aggravating heart conditions. It has a relatively long life in the atmosphere – about three months. This is due to the slow rate at which carbon monoxide oxidises, forming carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas). Carbon monoxide also has an important role in forming smog.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Nitrogen dioxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062472021-10-13T21:56:40.774493+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106247-nitrogen-dioxide-seasonal-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106247/352848/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health (United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2021), ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) the collective term for NO2 and NO.</p>
<p>Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems and can trigger asthma attacks. Nitrogen dioxide can cause leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.</p>
<p>Nitrogen dioxide is a gas primarily formed through burning fossil fuels, mainly by motor vehicles (particularly diesel), but also from industrial emissions. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the seasonal trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Nitrogen dioxide annual trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062462021-10-13T21:57:47.706794+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106246-nitrogen-dioxide-annual-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide annual trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106246/352847/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide annual trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health (United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2021), ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) the collective term for NO2 and NO.</p>
<p>Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems and can trigger asthma attacks. Nitrogen dioxide can cause leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.</p>
<p>Nitrogen dioxide is a gas primarily formed through burning fossil fuels, mainly by motor vehicles (particularly diesel), but also from industrial emissions. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the annual trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Sulphur dioxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062442021-10-13T21:59:00.806665+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106244-sulphur-dioxide-seasonal-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Sulphur dioxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106244/352845/small.png" alt="Sulphur dioxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a highly reactive gas formed when fuels containing sulphur, such as coal or petrochemical products (including high-sulphur ship fuel), are burned. It is also produced from industrial processes such as superphosphate fertiliser production and smelting sulphur-containing metal ores. Geothermal and volcanic gases are the main natural sources of sulphur dioxide.</p>
<p>When inhaled, sulphur dioxide is associated with respiratory problems such as bronchitis. It can aggravate the symptoms of asthma and chronic lung disease and cause irritation to eyes. On days with higher sulphur dioxide levels, hospital admissions for cardiac disease and mortality increase. In ecosystems, it can injure vegetation, acidify water and soil, and affect biodiversity.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the seasonal trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Sulphur dioxide annual trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062432021-10-13T21:59:17.281359+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106243-sulphur-dioxide-annual-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Sulphur dioxide annual trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106243/352844/small.png" alt="Sulphur dioxide annual trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a highly reactive gas formed when fuels containing sulphur, such as coal or petrochemical products (including high-sulphur ship fuel), are burned. It is also produced from industrial processes such as superphosphate fertiliser production and smelting sulphur-containing metal ores. Geothermal and volcanic gases are the main natural sources of sulphur dioxide.</p>
<p>When inhaled, sulphur dioxide is associated with respiratory problems such as bronchitis. It can aggravate the symptoms of asthma and chronic lung disease and cause irritation to eyes. On days with higher sulphur dioxide levels, hospital admissions for cardiac disease and mortality increase. In ecosystems, it can injure vegetation, acidify water and soil, and affect biodiversity.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the annual trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Particulate matter 2.5 seasonal trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062422021-10-13T22:00:24.691579+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106242-particulate-matter-25-seasonal-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Particulate matter 2.5 seasonal trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106242/352843/small.png" alt="Particulate matter 2.5 seasonal trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM2.5 particles have a diameter less than 2.5 micrometres. They can be inhaled and deposited deep in the lungs where air-gas exchange occurs.</p>
<p>Short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5, even at low levels, is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of premature death, especially in vulnerable people (the young, the elderly, and people with respiratory illness). Emerging evidence points to possible links with cognitive function, neuro-development, and diabetes.</p>
<p>In New Zealand, most PM2.5 in the air results from combustion (for example, burning wood for home heating), and to a lesser extent, from reactions in the atmosphere (secondary PM), and from naturally occurring sea salt.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the seasonal trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Particulate matter 2.5 annual trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062412021-10-13T22:00:41.595838+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106241-particulate-matter-25-annual-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Particulate matter 2.5 annual trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106241/352842/small.png" alt="Particulate matter 2.5 annual trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM2.5 particles have a diameter less than 2.5 micrometres. They can be inhaled and deposited deep in the lungs where air-gas exchange occurs.</p>
<p>Short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5, even at low levels, is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of premature death, especially in vulnerable people (the young, the elderly, and people with respiratory illness). Emerging evidence points to possible links with cognitive function, neuro-development, and diabetes.</p>
<p>In New Zealand, most PM2.5 in the air results from combustion (for example, burning wood for home heating), and to a lesser extent, from reactions in the atmosphere (secondary PM), and from naturally occurring sea salt.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the annual trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Particulate matter 10 seasonal trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062402021-10-13T22:01:17.858072+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106240-particulate-matter-10-seasonal-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Particulate matter 10 seasonal trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106240/352841/small.png" alt="Particulate matter 10 seasonal trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM10 particles have a diameter less than 10 micrometres. Coarse particles (2.5–10 micrometres) can be inhaled – they generally deposit in the upper airways; fine particles (smaller than 2.5 micrometres) can deposit deep in the lungs where air-gas exchange occurs.</p>
<p>Since PM10 is small enough to be inhaled, exposure can cause cardiovascular and respiratory health problems, such as heart attack, stroke, lung cancer, and premature death. It can also aggravate asthma and has been linked with diabetes. Children, the elderly, and people with existing heart or lung issues have a higher risk of health problems from exposure to PM10. These problems include decreased lung function, heart attack, and mortality.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the seasonal trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Particulate matter 10 annual trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062392021-10-13T22:01:51.890619+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106239-particulate-matter-10-annual-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Particulate matter 10 annual trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106239/352840/small.png" alt="Particulate matter 10 annual trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM10 particles have a diameter less than 10 micrometres. Coarse particles (2.5–10 micrometres) can be inhaled – they generally deposit in the upper airways; fine particles (smaller than 2.5 micrometres) can deposit deep in the lungs where air-gas exchange occurs.</p>
<p>Since PM10 is small enough to be inhaled, exposure can cause cardiovascular and respiratory health problems, such as heart attack, stroke, lung cancer, and premature death. It can also aggravate asthma and has been linked with diabetes. Children, the elderly, and people with existing heart or lung issues have a higher risk of health problems from exposure to PM10. These problems include decreased lung function, heart attack, and mortality.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the annual trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Ground-level ozone annual trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062372021-10-13T22:02:13.773765+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106237-ground-level-ozone-annual-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Ground-level ozone annual trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106237/352838/small.png" alt="Ground-level ozone annual trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Ground-level (tropospheric) ozone (O3) exists at a natural background level but is also produced when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds from vehicle emissions, petrol fumes, industrial processes solvents, and other human-made sources react in the presence of heat and sunlight. It is the primary component of photochemical smog. Ozone also occurs naturally in the stratosphere, where it protects us from ultraviolet radiation – this ozone occasionally can mix downwards to ground level.</p>
<p>Ozone is a colourless, odourless gas. Exposure to high concentrations of ozone can cause respiratory health problems and is linked to cardiovascular health problems and increased mortality. Those most at risk include people with asthma, children, older adults, and people who are active outdoors, such as outdoor workers. People with certain genetic characteristics and nutrient deficiencies are also at greater risk from ozone exposure. Ozone can also affect sensitive vegetation and ecosystems and can cause damage during the growing season.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the annual trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Carbon monoxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062362021-10-13T22:02:15.944576+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106236-carbon-monoxide-seasonal-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Carbon monoxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106236/352837/small.png" alt="Carbon monoxide seasonal trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas. The most common sources of carbon monoxide are from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as fuel used by vehicles, and from wood and coal, commonly burnt in fires for home heating. Other common sources of carbon monoxide are tobacco smoke and indoor gas fires. It also occurs naturally, for example, from volcanoes and wildfires.</p>
<p>Carbon monoxide can affect human health by interfering with the blood’s ability to absorb and circulate oxygen and by aggravating heart conditions. It has a relatively long life in the atmosphere – about three months. This is due to the slow rate at which carbon monoxide oxidises, forming carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas). Carbon monoxide also has an important role in forming smog.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the seasonal trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Carbon monoxide annual trends, 2011-2020tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062352021-10-13T22:03:12.175547+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106235-carbon-monoxide-annual-trends-2011-2020/" title="Details for Carbon monoxide annual trends, 2011-2020"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106235/352836/small.png" alt="Carbon monoxide annual trends, 2011-2020 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas. The most common sources of carbon monoxide are from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as fuel used by vehicles, and from wood and coal, commonly burnt in fires for home heating. Other common sources of carbon monoxide are tobacco smoke and indoor gas fires. It also occurs naturally, for example, from volcanoes and wildfires.</p>
<p>Carbon monoxide can affect human health by interfering with the blood’s ability to absorb and circulate oxygen and by aggravating heart conditions. It has a relatively long life in the atmosphere – about three months. This is due to the slow rate at which carbon monoxide oxidises, forming carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas). Carbon monoxide also has an important role in forming smog.</p>
<p>This dataset reports on the annual trends assessed for the period 2011-2020.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
Air pollutant emissions, 2012-2019tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2021-10:layers:1062322021-10-13T22:04:00.326159+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/106232-air-pollutant-emissions-2012-2019/" title="Details for Air pollutant emissions, 2012-2019"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/106232/352833/small.png" alt="Air pollutant emissions, 2012-2019 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<p>The air pollutant emissions indicator reports on national human-generated (anthropogenic) emissions of particulate matter (PM10 – particles smaller than 10 micrometres and PM2.5 – the subset of PM10 particles that are smaller than 2.5 micrometres), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulphur dioxide (SO2), between 2012 and 2019. The grouped sources include: energy (combustion), transport, construction (non-combustion), road dust, industrial (non-combustion), agriculture, biomass burning, and waste. Only human-generated emissions were included in this emission inventory.</p>
<p>When air pollution levels are high, they can affect human and ecosystem health. An emissions inventory provides information on the sources and quantities of key air pollutants that are released into the atmosphere. By understanding the amounts that different sources contribute, air quality can be better managed and modelled.</p>
<p>More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 13 Oct 2021<br />
PM10 concentrations, 2006–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984142018-10-15T21:53:42.460197+00:002018-10-15T21:48:27.391893+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98414-pm10-concentrations-200617/" title="Details for PM10 concentrations, 2006–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98414/307507/small.png" alt="PM10 concentrations, 2006–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM10 particles have a diameter less than 10 micrometres. Coarse particles (2.5–10 micrometres) can be inhaled – they generally deposit in the upper airways; fine particles (smaller than 2.5 micrometres) can deposit deep in the lungs where air-gas exchange occurs. Children, the elderly, and people with existing heart or lung issues have a higher risk of health problems from exposure to PM10. These problems include decreased lung function, heart attack, and mortality.<br>
Human-generated PM10 sources include burning wood and coal for home heating, and traffic emissions (eg combustion, tyre and brake wear, and pavement breakdown). Natural sources include sea salt, dust, pollen, and mould spores.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Ground-level ozone concentrations, Auckland, 2001–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984232018-10-16T21:41:06.021645+00:002019-11-20T02:35:13.964808+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98423-ground-level-ozone-concentrations-auckland-200116/" title="Details for Ground-level ozone concentrations, Auckland, 2001–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98423/326957/small.png" alt="Ground-level ozone concentrations, Auckland, 2001–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 20 Nov 2019</strong><br />
<p>Ground-level (tropospheric) ozone (O3) exists at a natural background level but is also produced when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds from vehicle emissions, petrol fumes, industrial processes solvents, and other human-made sources react in the presence of sunlight. It is the primary component of photochemical smog.<br>
Ozone also occurs naturally in the stratosphere, where it protects us from ultraviolet radiation – this ozone occasionally can mix downwards to ground level.<br>
Because sunlight and warmth are required for the chemical reactions that form ground-level ozone, peak concentrations often occur in summer when daylight hours are longer and temperatures are higher. Since the precursors for ozone can travel downwind from their sources before they react with sunlight, ozone concentrations can be high many kilometres from the precursor emissions’ sources.<br>
Exposure to high concentrations of ozone can cause respiratory health problems and is linked to cardiovascular health problems and mortality. It can also damage vegetation.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 20 Nov 2019<br />
Data quality for nitrogen dioxide concentrations New Zealand Transport Agency data 201016tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:document:217622018-10-17T23:59:36.445624+00:00
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Heavy metal concentrations, 2002–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984162018-10-15T21:53:48.836500+00:002018-10-15T21:49:20.832159+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98416-heavy-metal-concentrations-200217/" title="Details for Heavy metal concentrations, 2002–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98416/307509/small.png" alt="Heavy metal concentrations, 2002–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Inhaling particulate matter (PM) containing heavy metals can cause serious health effects (World Health Organization (WHO), 2013). Airborne arsenic is linked to lung cancers (WHO, 2013), and heart, liver, kidney, and nerve damage (Caussy, 2003). Nickel and vanadium are linked to lung and nasal sinus cancers. Lead can impair cognitive function in children and affect an adult’s cardiovascular system, even at low blood levels (WHO, 2013).<br>
Heavy metals are also toxic to other organisms, and can bioaccumulate in animals, especially in aquatic ecosystems (Rahman, Hasegawa, & Lim, 2012). We don’t know how much airborne heavy metal is deposited in New Zealand.<br>
We report on the concentrations of arsenic, lead, and vanadium in PM10 (PM 10 micrometres or less in diameter) from 2007-16 at Henderson – Auckland which were measured using a method directly comparable to relevant guidelines. We also report on arsenic, nickel, lead, and vanadium concentrations at 5 Auckland sites from 2005–16 that were measured using a method which cannot be directly compared to relevant guidelines but provides information on concentrations.<br>
Arsenic is emitted when burning wood treated with copper chromium arsenic preservative (eg building project offcuts). A 2012 Auckland study showed that 17 percent of households may burn such wood (Stones-Havas, 2014).<br>
Lead is emitted from burning wood coated with lead-based paint, by removing lead-based paint from buildings without proper safety precautions, and from industrial discharges (eg at metal smelters). In New Zealand, airborne nickel and vanadium concentrations are highest near ports and are associated with combustion exhaust from ships (Davy & Trompetter, 2018). Monitoring for lead has been limited since the fall in ambient lead concentrations after New Zealand’s petrol became lead free in 1996.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>site:</strong> location of detection site</p>
<p><strong>year:</strong> year of the sample taken</p>
<p><strong>council:</strong> regional council for location of detection site</p>
<p><strong>date:</strong> date of the sample taken, year-month-day, yyyy-mm-dd</p>
<p><strong>pm_value:</strong> particulate matter concentration, micrograms per metre cubed</p>
<p><strong>particle_size:</strong> fine (PM2.5), coarse (PM10)</p>
<p><strong>units_conc:</strong> units for the concentration measured, micrograms per metre-cubed</p>
<p><strong>bc_conc, v_conc, cr_conc, mn_conc, ni_conc, cu_conc, zn_conc, as_conc, ba_conc, pb_conc, ge_conc:</strong> concentration of measured metal by their element in a specified volume (see units_conc)</p>
<p><strong>units_errors:</strong> units of the errors for each measured metal, %fit error, and micrograms per metre-cubed</p>
<p><strong>pm_uncert, bc_errors, v_errors, cr_errors, mn_errors, ni_errors, cu_errors, zn_errors, as_errors, ba_errors, pb_errors:</strong>statistical error bands around the measured concentration value, calculated based on the limit of analytical detection (see units_errors)</p>
<p><strong>units_lod:</strong> units of the LOD (limits of detection) for each measured metal, micro grams per metre-cubed</p>
<p><strong>bc_lod, v_lod, cr_lod, mn_lod, ni_lod, cu_lod, zn_lod, as_lod, ba_lod, pb_lod, se_lod, ga_lod:</strong> LOD (limits of detection) for each measured metal sample, with the value dependent on: 1. The method of detection, 2. Filter composition, 3. Sample, 4. The detector resolution, 5. The spectral interference from other elements. This value is produced by the Gulpix software that is used for analysis. Concentrations below the respective LOD are highly uncertain (see units_lod)</p>
<p><strong>method:</strong> method used for analysis – XRF, IBA</p>
<p><strong>complete_for_trend:</strong> dataset considered complete/incomplete for quantitative analysis</p>
<p><strong>complete_for_mean:</strong> dataset considered complete/incomplete for quantitative analysis</p>
<p><strong>complete_year:</strong> dataset considered complete/incomplete for quantitative analysis</p>
<p>Technical report by GNS: <a href="https://environment.govt.nz/assets/Publications/Files/heavy-metals-black-carbon-and-natural-sources-report.pdf">CR_2017-238 (environment.govt.nz)</a></p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Data for Longley (2018): Nitrogen dioxide concentrations datatag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:document:217322018-10-16T01:13:10.556163+00:00
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Data quality for nitrogen dioxide concentrations council and unitary authority data 200417tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:document:217562018-10-17T00:20:14.664592+00:00
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Data quality for black carbon concentrations 200217tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:document:217572018-10-17T01:12:55.059562+00:00
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Data quality for nitrogen dioxide concentrations New Zealand Transport Agency data 201016tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:document:217552018-10-17T00:14:11.685137+00:00
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: council and unitary authority data, 2004–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984202018-10-16T21:35:57.335979+00:002018-10-16T21:33:30.130758+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98420-nitrogen-dioxide-concentrations-council-and-unitary-authority-data-200417/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: council and unitary authority data, 2004–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98420/307516/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: council and unitary authority data, 2004–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health, ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the collective term for NO2 and NO. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.<br>
Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems, particularly asthma. Nitrogen dioxide causes leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.<br>
We report on observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations from 13 regional council and unitary authority monitoring sites. Council and unitary authority data are measured using regulatory-compliant monitors that can be directly compared with health guidelines.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Data quality for health impacts of PM10tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:document:217602018-10-17T21:00:13.082461+00:00
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2008–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984212018-10-16T21:36:12.605278+00:002018-10-16T21:34:22.682580+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98421-sulphur-dioxide-concentrations-200817/" title="Details for Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2008–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98421/307517/small.png" alt="Sulphur dioxide concentrations, 2008–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a highly reactive gas formed when fuels containing sulphur, such as coal or petrochemical products (including high-sulphur ship fuel), are burned. It is also produced from industrial processes such as superphosphate fertiliser production and smelting sulphur-containing metal ores. Geothermal and volcanic gases are the main natural sources of sulphur dioxide.<br>
When inhaled, sulphur dioxide is associated with respiratory problems such as bronchitis. It can aggravate the symptoms of asthma and chronic lung disease and cause irritation to eyes. On days with higher sulphur dioxide levels, hospital admissions for cardiac disease and mortality increase. In ecosystems, it can injure vegetation, acidify water and soil, and affect biodiversity.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Black carbon concentrations, 2002–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984172018-10-15T21:53:59.166659+00:002018-10-15T21:49:33.256609+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98417-black-carbon-concentrations-200217/" title="Details for Black carbon concentrations, 2002–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98417/307510/small.png" alt="Black carbon concentrations, 2002–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Black carbon is a particle, often in the PM2.5 or ultra-fine size range, which is emitted from combustion sources and is commonly known as soot. In New Zealand most black carbon is emitted from vehicles (especially diesel vehicles), burning wood and coal for home heating, and outdoor burning. Both long and short-term exposure to black carbon is linked to serious health effects, such as respiratory and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature death (World Health Organization (WHO), 2013).<br>
Black carbon warms the climate globally and regionally because it is efficient at absorbing energy from sunlight. Black carbon also increases ice and snow melt when deposited on these surfaces, darkening them and lowering albedo (proportion of light that is reflected) so they absorb more solar energy (Ramanathan & Carmichael, 2008).<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Carbon monoxide concentrations, 1996–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984152018-10-15T21:56:12.951256+00:002018-10-15T21:48:42.024142+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98415-carbon-monoxide-concentrations-199617/" title="Details for Carbon monoxide concentrations, 1996–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98415/307508/small.png" alt="Carbon monoxide concentrations, 1996–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas formed by the incomplete combustion of fuels, particularly from motor vehicles, from burning wood and coal, and using unflued gas heaters for home heating. It also occurs naturally; for example, from wild fires.<br>
Carbon monoxide can affect human health by interfering with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen and by aggravating heart conditions. It has a relatively long life in the atmosphere – about three months. This is due to the slow rate at which carbon monoxide oxidises, forming carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas). Carbon monoxide also has an important role in forming smog.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Total suspended particulate matter concentrations at Penrose, Auckland, 1965–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984222018-10-16T21:38:27.458866+00:002018-10-16T21:37:42.184806+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98422-total-suspended-particulate-matter-concentrations-at-penrose-auckland-196516/" title="Details for Total suspended particulate matter concentrations at Penrose, Auckland, 1965–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98422/307518/small.png" alt="Total suspended particulate matter concentrations at Penrose, Auckland, 1965–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) consists of solid and liquid airborne particles that are smaller than 100 micrometres in diameter. Although, by weight, it is dominated by the larger particles it does also include the PM10 and PM2.5 sub-fractions that are responsible for most health effects, such as respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. TSP can be emitted from earthworks, construction and roadworks, and the combustion of fuels such as wood and coal (eg, from home heating and industry), and petrol and diesel (from vehicles).<br>
Natural TSP sources include sea salt, dust, pollen, smoke (from bush fires), and volcanic ash.<br>
TSP consists of airborne particles up to 100 micrometres (μm) in diameter (PM100). TSP is small enough to be inhaled; however, larger particles (10–100μm) are filtered out in the nasal cavity and are often relatively harmless.<br>
TSP can be emitted from earthworks, construction, and roadworks, and from combustion of fuels, such as wood and coal (eg, home heating and industry), and petrol and diesel (from vehicles). Natural sources of TSP include sea salt, dust, pollen, smoke (from bush fires), and volcanic ash. TSP also forms from reactions in the atmosphere between gases or between gases and other particles.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Air pollutant emissionstag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984242018-10-16T21:40:52.823730+00:002018-10-16T21:40:06.886153+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98424-air-pollutant-emissions/" title="Details for Air pollutant emissions"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98424/307520/small.png" alt="Air pollutant emissions thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>An emissions inventory provides information on the amount of key air pollutants that are released into the atmosphere for a given location over a given time period. This enables us to identify sources of pollutants. By understanding the amounts that different sources contribute, air quality can be better managed and modelled.<br>
We evaluated emissions for five key pollutants for 2015, the most-recent year that data were readily available: particulate matter (PM) less than 10 micrometres in diameter (PM10), PM less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulphur dioxide (SO2), because they are the most important pollutants in New Zealand.<br>
The grouped sources include: energy-related activities, construction dust, road dust, industrial process emissions (non-combustion), agriculture (emissions from animal housing), vegetation fires (burning agricultural residue and biomass burning), and incinerating of hazardous waste.<br>
Only human-generated emissions were included in this emission inventory. No updated data for residential wood burning were available and was assumed to be the same as the 2013 national inventory.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Natural sources of particulate matter, 2000–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984252018-10-16T21:41:36.319720+00:002018-10-16T21:40:58.542502+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98425-natural-sources-of-particulate-matter-200016/" title="Details for Natural sources of particulate matter, 2000–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98425/307521/small.png" alt="Natural sources of particulate matter, 2000–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Particulate matter (PM) is made up of solid and liquid particles in the air. It is grouped according to its size – PM10 is less than 10 micrometres (µm) in diameter; PM2.5 is less than 2.5 µm in diameter. Health effects from exposure to PM include lung and cardiac disease, and premature death.<br>
Natural sources of PM include sea salt, dust (airborne soil, also called crustal material), secondary sulphate, pollen, black carbon from wild fires, and volcanic ash. There is little evidence that sea salt particles themselves are harmful (World Health Organization (WHO), 2013) although whether sea salt that has interacted with urban air pollutants is harmful is not known. PM can also be produced by human activities, such as dust from construction or unsealed roads, but this is not considered natural because it comes from human activity.<br>
Natural sources of PM are important because although they cannot be managed they still contribute to ambient concentrations, which are subject to the National Environmental Standards for Air Quality (NESAQ). Exceedances of the NESAQ occur when the 24-hour average PM10 concentration exceeds 50 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3). There is no NESAQ for PM2.5 exposure, so we report on exceedances of the WHO 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration guideline (25 µg/m3).<br>
We report on data from nine sites from 2005–16 and report only on sea salt for natural PM because other sources of natural PM, such as dust and sulphate, can be generated by humans as well. We were not able to separate the natural from human-generated contributions. Analysis of particle size, composition, and sources in New Zealand shows that sea salt made the largest contribution to natural PM.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
PM2.5 concentrations, 2008–17tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984132018-10-15T21:53:37.743627+00:002018-10-15T21:48:16.350987+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98413-pm25-concentrations-200817/" title="Details for PM2.5 concentrations, 2008–17"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98413/307506/small.png" alt="PM2.5 concentrations, 2008–17 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>PM2.5 is made up of solid and liquid particles in the air with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres. In New Zealand, most PM2.5 in the air results from combustion (burning wood for home heating, motor-vehicle exhaust), and to a lesser extent, particles formed from reactions in the atmosphere (secondary PM) and naturally occurring sea salt.<br>
Short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5, even at low levels, is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of premature death, especially in vulnerable people (the young, the elderly, and people with respiratory illness). Emerging evidence points to possible links with cognitive function, neuro-development, and diabetes.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Benzene concentrations in Hamilton, 2003–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984122018-10-15T04:41:35.011045+00:002018-10-15T04:40:32.198536+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98412-benzene-concentrations-in-hamilton-200316/" title="Details for Benzene concentrations in Hamilton, 2003–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98412/307505/small.png" alt="Benzene concentrations in Hamilton, 2003–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 15 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Benzene is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is common in the air. Motor vehicles are benzene’s primary emission source (Guerreiro, Foltescu, & de Leeuw, 2014; Weisel, 2010) although burning wood or coal for home heating, volcanoes, and forest fires also emit benzene.<br>
Benzene is a human carcinogen (World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen, 2000) that has been shown to cause leukaemia (Smith, 2010), and is associated with developmental, immune, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory problems (Bahadar, Mostafalou, & Abdollahi, 2014). Acute exposure can affect the liver and respiration (Bahadar et al, 2014).<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 15 Oct 2018<br />
Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: New Zealand Transport Agency data, 2010–16tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984262018-10-16T21:42:26.591319+00:002018-10-16T21:41:38.372480+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98426-nitrogen-dioxide-concentrations-new-zealand-transport-agency-data-201016/" title="Details for Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: New Zealand Transport Agency data, 2010–16"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98426/307522/small.png" alt="Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: New Zealand Transport Agency data, 2010–16 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 16 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas that is harmful to human health, ecosystems, and plants (US EPA, 2008). It can be emitted directly into the air but is often formed as a secondary pollutant when nitric oxide (NO) emissions react with other chemicals. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and ozone, which have their own health impacts. In New Zealand, motor vehicles are the main human-made source of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the collective term for NO2 and NO. Because nitrogen dioxide concentrations are closely associated with vehicle emissions, it can be used as a proxy for other motor-vehicle pollutants such as benzene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.<br>
Human exposure to high nitrogen dioxide concentrations causes inflammation of the airways and respiratory problems, particularly asthma. Nitrogen dioxide causes leaf injury in plants exposed to high levels. It also contributes to forming secondary particulate matter and ozone, which have their own health impacts.<br>
We report on observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations from the New Zealand Transport Agency’s (NZTA) monitoring network. NZTA has comprehensive coverage across New Zealand.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Health impacts of PM10, 2006 & 2016tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:layers:984622018-10-17T20:57:47.835534+00:002018-10-17T20:56:16.325467+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/98462-health-impacts-of-pm10-2006-2016/" title="Details for Health impacts of PM10, 2006 & 2016"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/98462/307573/small.png" alt="Health impacts of PM10, 2006 & 2016 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 17 Oct 2018</strong><br />
<p>PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 micrometres in diameter) comprises solid and liquid particles in the air. PM10 can be inhaled and the largest particles in this size fraction are deposited in the upper airways, while the smaller ones can deposit deep in the lungs. Children, the elderly, and people with existing heart or lung problems have a higher risk of health effects from PM10 exposure. Health effects include decreased lung function or heart attack, and mortality.<br>
We report on the modelled number of premature deaths for adults (30+ years), hospitalisations, and restricted activity days for people of all ages for years 2006 and 2016 only. The model only includes impacts that result from exposure to PM10 that comes from human activities.<br>
We focus on PM10 from human activities because these sources can be managed, unlike PM from natural sources such as sea salt.<br>
• Premature deaths are those, often preventable, occurring before a person reaches the age they could be expected to live to.<br>
• Hospitalisations relate to those for respiratory and cardiac illnesses (not including cases leading to premature death).<br>
• Restricted activity days occur when symptoms are sufficient to limit usual activities such as work or study. These days aren’t shared evenly across the population – people with asthma or other respiratory conditions would likely have more restricted activity days.<br>
More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Data for the procured HAPINZ health impacts model, 2006-2016tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:document:217582018-10-17T19:42:38.318963+00:00
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />
Data for Metcalfe & Sridhar (2018): 2015 NZ National air emissions inventorytag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2018-10:document:217332018-10-16T20:28:17.555315+00:00
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 16 Oct 2018<br />
Updated: 17 Oct 2018<br />
PM10 exceedances by airshed 2006–13tag:data.mfe.govt.nz,2015-12:layers:526242015-12-02T22:40:17.410490+00:002015-12-02T22:39:43.909790+00:00
<a class="kxThumbnail" href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/table/52624-pm10-exceedances-by-airshed-200613/" title="Details for PM10 exceedances by airshed 2006–13"><img src="https://assets.koordinates.com/kx-dandelion-live2-public/thumbs/layers/52624/149057/small.png" alt="PM10 exceedances by airshed 2006–13 thumbnail"/></a><br />
<br /><strong>Updated with new data on 02 Dec 2015</strong><br />
<p>Particulate matter 10 micrometres or less in diameter (PM10) in the air comprises solid particles and liquid droplets from both natural and human-made sources. PM10 can be emitted from the combustion of fuels, such as wood and coal (eg from home heating and industry), and petrol and diesel (from vehicles). Natural sources of PM10 include sea salt, dust, pollen, smoke (from bush fires), and volcanic ash. Nationally, burning wood or coal for home heating is the main human-made source of PM10. </p>
<p>PM10 is of particular concern because it is found in high concentrations in some areas and can damage health. It is associated with effects ranging from respiratory irritation to some forms of cancer. </p>
<p>Column heading:<br>
- No_exceed = number of exceedances </p>
<p>This dataset relates to the "PM10 daily concentrations" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website.</p>
From: <a href="https://data.mfe.govt.nz/group/environmental-reporting/" title="Profile for Environmental Reporting">Environmental Reporting</a><br />
Added: 02 Dec 2015<br />
Updated: 02 Dec 2015<br />