World Data - Page 3

The REC groups rivers and parts of river networks that share similar ecological characteristics, including physical and biological. Rivers that share the same class can be treated as similar to one another and different to rivers in other classes. The REC classification system groups rivers according to several environmental factors that strongly influence or cause the rivers’ physical and ecological characteristics (climate, topography, geology and land cover). A catchment is a polygon that defines the upstream watershed of a river system or sub-system. Land cover within the catchment was used to populate the river classification factors (see table 1.1 of the User Guide data.mfe.govt.nz/document/123-rec-user-guide-2010/ ).

Additional metadata can be found at www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/ser/metadata/env-clas...

A spatial dataset identifying a set of environmental conditions that have potential to inhibit growth of newly-established woody vegetation such that it might not reach a ‘forest’ status (defined as greater than 30% cover of trees of 5 m height) within a 30-40 year timeframe.

Inclusions: temperature, moisture availability, edaphic conditions, coastal exposure, and land instability

Exclusions: herbivory, competition, external gene pools, availability of seed sources and dispersers, and also fire

This ELF layer is designed to provide a concise evidence source to guide decision making regarding the potential for naturally regenerating species to reach the criteria for Kyoto-compliant forest. Due to the variable quality in the source data used to compile this layer it should only be considered to provide guidance and should not be used as authoritative for forest eligibility/ineligibility under any government scheme.

The REC groups rivers and parts of river networks that share similar ecological characteristics, including physical and biological. Rivers that share the same class can be treated as similar to one another and different to rivers in other classes. The REC classification system groups rivers according to several environmental factors that strongly influence or cause the rivers’ physical and ecological characteristics (climate, topography, geology and land cover). A catchment is a polygon that defines the upstream watershed of a river system or sub-system. Land cover within the catchment was used to populate the river classification factors (see table 1.1 of the User Guide data.mfe.govt.nz/document/123-rec-user-guide-2010/ ).

Additional metadata can be found at www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/ser/metadata/env-clas...

The Marine Environment Classification (MEC), a GIS-based environmental classification of the marine environment of the New Zealand region, is an ecosystem-based spatial framework designed for marine management purposes.

Several spatially-explicit data layers describing the physical environment define the MEC. A physically-based classification was chosen because data on these physical variables were available or could be modelled, and because the pattern of the physical environment is a reasonable surrogate for biological pattern, particularly at larger spatial scales. Classes within the classification were defined using multivariate clustering methods. These produce hierarchical classifications that enable the user to delineate environmental variation at different levels of detail and associated spatial scales.

"Wetlands support unique biodiversity and provide important services. They clean water of nutrients and sediment, help dampen floods, provide habitat, and act as carbon sinks. They are also valued for their spiritual and cultural significance and as important sources of food and materials, such as flax. Draining them for agricultural and urban development has reduced their extent. Understanding this reduction provides insight into the loss of biodiversity and natural function.
This dataset relates to the ""Wetland extent"" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "

Small amounts of nitrogen are a natural component of healthy rivers. Nitrogen is transferred from land to water and is cycled through different forms, which can have different effects. Moderate concentrations of nitrate can cause weeds and algae to grow too fast. High concentrations of ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen can be toxic to fish and other aquatic animals.
This dataset relates to the "River water quality trends: nitrogen" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website.

Sea-level rise is a consequence of climate change. Increases in global temperature cause ocean waters to expand, and glaciers and ice sheets to melt into oceans. Sea-level rise affects estuaries, coastal wetlands, and intertidal and sub-tidal habitats and species. The increased likelihood of coastal erosion from sea-level rise presents a risk for seaside communities and their infrastructure, and for the marine environment itself, from increased suspended sediments.
This dataset relates to the "Coastal sea-level rise" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website.

Growing degree days (GDD) is the measure of how much warmth is available for plant and insect growth during a growing season. GDD information helps horticulturists and farmers predict plant growth and stock development. The GDD value changes in response to climate variations, such as El Niño. Long-term changes in GDD are a measure of changing climate conditions.
Further information can be found in:
Tait, A, Macara, G, & Paul, V. (2014) Preparation of climate datasets for the 2015 Environmental Synthesis Report: Temperature, Rainfall, Wind, Sunshine and Soil Moisture. Prepared for Ministry for the Environment. Available at data.mfe.govt.nz/x/Fwn9AL on the Ministry for the Environment dataservice (data.mfe.govt.nz/).
This dataset relates to the "Growing degree days" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website.

River flow is the quantity of water passing a point over a certain time. Each river or stream has its own natural flow characteristics, such as peak flows following rain or high spring flows from snow melt. Overall, this affects how much water is available for irrigation, drinking water, hydroelectricity generation, and recreational activities. River flows also influence a waterway’s physical form, habitat, and ecological processes like migration, spawning, and food supply for aquatic life.

This dataset relates to the "The geographic pattern of river flows" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website.

Coastal hydrosystems describe coastal features that span a gradient from near coast freshwater lakes/wetlands (lacustrine/palustrine environments) to marine. The term 'coastal hydrosystem' avoids the common error of referring to all such features as estuaries, mislabelling the numerous types that are non-estuarine and have different behavioural characteristics and management sensitivities from any truly estuarine environment. It also encompasses the coastal systems that do not represent end-of-river environments (e.g., some pocket beaches and embayments) or are so large and complex as to be fed by several freshwater drainage features (rivers, streams, wetlands) but which are dominated by none (e.g., some harbours, fjords, sounds and coastal-lacustrine systems). It also incorporates the multiple aspects of each system, including beaches, spits, barriers, river mouths, wetlands, saltmarshes and other geomorphic, ecological and hydrological features.

The New Zealand Coastal Hydrosystem classification (NZCH) is a classification of coastal hydrosystems within New Zealand including some offshore islands. The coastal hydrosystems classification is based on a hierarchical view of the abiotic components that comprise the environments of coastal hydrosystems. This classification presents detail at the geomorphic class level because this level is particularly important for coastal management and conservation needs at national and regional scales.

The primary GIS is the point layer. Supporting files (attached) include: a CSV database of environmental variables; GIS polygon layer; and Google Earth (.kmz) point and polygon exports.

The database, GIS and Google Earth files should be used in conjunction with the Classification of New Zealand's Coastal Hydrosystems report (Hume et al. 2016) (also attached) which documents a full description of the database, the calculation procedures and limitations to the variables.

The spreadsheet comprises a database of 500 New Zealand coastal hydrosystems and their associated environmental variables developed for the report.

The GIS point file comprises 500 New Zealand coastal hydrosystems and their associated environmental variables developed for the database. The environmental variables are mapped at 1:50,000 scale.

NOTE: Within the point attribute file -9999 represents the environmental variables with no data as shown in the spreadsheet as a blank cell. Make sure to exclude these values from analyses.

The polygon files comprise 420 New Zealand coastal hydrosystems depicting their general shape of the water body basin at high tide and upstream limit.

The .kmz files are derived from the NZCH GIS point and polygon layers for use with Google Earth.

The report provides a classification of coastal hydrosystems within New Zealand including some offshore islands. The coastal hydrosystems classification reconciles and clarifies coastal hydrosystem terminology and produces a hierarchy and classification of coastal wetland, riverine, estuarine and marine types. This report identifies and provides a list of environmental variables that describe the characteristics and properties of about 500 discrete coastal hydrosystems that can be used to provide national and regional statistics on coastal hydrosystems. An Identification Key is provided to guide the determination of the classes.